An imbalance in bone remodeling characteristic of osteoporosis is caused by:
Enhanced bone formation caused by increased activity of osteoclasts
Increased bone resorption caused by increased activity of osteoblasts
Enhanced bone formation caused by increased activity of osteoblasts
Increased bone resorption caused by increased activity of osteoclasts
The Correct Answer is D
A. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, not formation. Increased osteoclast activity leads to excessive bone breakdown, not enhanced formation.
B. Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation. In osteoporosis, osteoblast activity is not increased; rather, it is osteoclast activity that is dysregulated, leading to bone loss.
C. Enhanced bone formation is typically seen in conditions like osteopetrosis or during bone healing. Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance in favor of bone resorption, not formation.
D. Osteoporosis is characterized by increased bone resorption, which is primarily driven by osteoclast activity. This leads to a decrease in bone density and an increased risk of fractures.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cystine stones are rare and occur due to a genetic disorder called cystinuria. They are not the most common type of renal calculi.
B. Uric acid stones are also relatively common, especially in individuals with gout or those with high levels of uric acid in the urine. However, calcium oxalate is more common.
C. Calcium oxalate is the most common type of renal calculi, accounting for about 70-80% of kidney stones. These stones form when calcium combines with oxalate in the urine.
D. Struvite stones are associated with urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria. They are less common than calcium oxalate stones.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Desmopressin (DDAVP) is the correct treatment for Diabetes insipidus. This medication is a synthetic form of vasopressin, which helps the kidneys to retain water, thereby reducing the symptoms of excessive urination and thirst in individuals with Diabetes insipidus.
B. Furosemide is a loop diuretic used to treat fluid retention, not Diabetes insipidus. It increases urine output, which would worsen the condition in patients with Diabetes insipidus.
C. Diuretics are used to increase urine output and are not used in the treatment of Diabetes insipidus, as they could exacerbate dehydration.
D. Corticosteroids are not used to treat Diabetes insipidus. They are typically used to treat inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, but not Diabetes insipidus.
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