A client describes a sensation of shortness of breath and the inability to get enough air. How should the nurse document the findings?

Dyspnea

Aspiration

Hemoptysis

Orthopnea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Dyspnea is the medical term for shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. It is a subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing and is the most appropriate term for this client's description.

B. Aspiration refers to the inhalation of food, liquid, or other foreign substances into the airways, which can lead to choking or pneumonia. This does not describe the sensation of shortness of breath.

C. Hemoptysis refers to coughing up blood, which is unrelated to the sensation of shortness of breath described in the question.

D. Orthopnea is shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat, often associated with heart failure. The description in the question does not specifically mention difficulty breathing while lying down.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion may occur in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), but these are more acute signs of severe complications rather than early symptoms of type 1 diabetes.

B. Vomiting, abdominal pain, sweet fruity breath, dehydration, and Kussmaul breathing are signs of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication that typically develops after the onset of type 1 diabetes, not early symptoms.

C. Polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyuria (frequent urination), polyphagia (excessive hunger), weight loss, and fatigue are classic early signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes due to the body's inability to regulate blood glucose levels properly.

D. Recurrent infections, visual changes, and paresthesia (numbness or tingling) are typically associated with long-term, poorly controlled diabetes, not early signs of type 1 diabetes.

A. Crohn disease is located in the small intestine B. Crohn disease is exacerbated by certain foods, such as spicy foods C. Crohn disease causes granulomas to form in the submucosal layers D. Crohn disease causes abdominal pain and watery diarrhea

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While Crohn disease can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, it often affects the small intestine, particularly the ileum. However, the location alone does not explain the increased risk of obstruction.

B. Certain foods, such as spicy foods, may exacerbate symptoms of Crohn disease, but this is not the primary reason it causes intestinal obstruction.

C. Crohn disease causes inflammation that can lead to the formation of granulomas, particularly in the submucosal layers. These granulomas contribute to fibrosis and narrowing of the bowel, which can lead to intestinal obstruction. This is a key feature of Crohn disease that makes it more likely to cause obstruction compared to ulcerative colitis.

D. Abdominal pain and watery diarrhea are common symptoms of both Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, but they are not directly related to the increased risk of obstruction in Crohn disease.

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A client describes a sensation of shortness of breath and the inability to get enough air. How should the nurse document the findings?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

What are some of the early signs and symptoms you would expect a person with type 1 diabetes to exhibit?

Correct Answer is C

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Correct Answer is C

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