An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to a(n)

A. Intracellular fluid: Intracellular fluid is inside the cells. Edema refers to fluid accumulation outside the cells, so this is incorrect.
B. Interstitial fluid: Edema is caused by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space, which is the space between cells in tissues.
C. Intracellular fluid and interstitial fluid: Edema is confined to the interstitial (extracellular) compartment, not intracellular.
D. Blood plasma: Although fluid may move from the plasma into the interstitial space, edema refers to fluid retention in tissues, not in the blood plasma.

A. The kidneys are retroperitoneal: Kidneys lie behind the peritoneum, making them retroperitoneal organs.
B. The ureters connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder: The ureters transport urine from each kidney to the bladder.
C. The urethra of males is longer than the urethra of females: The male urethra is significantly longer, due to its passage through the penis.
D. The kidneys are at equal heights within the pelvic cavity: This is incorrect-the right kidney is lower than the left due to the position of the liver. Also, kidneys are located in the upper abdomen, not the pelvic cavity.
E. The right kidney is located more inferiorly than the left kidney: True-the right kidney lies lower than the left because of the liver's size.