An older adult who is a non-Hispanic Caucasian has a fasting blood sugar level above 130 mg/dL. Which client assessment does the nurse use to confirm a high risk for diabetes mellitus in the client?
120/80 mm Hg
Total cholesterol 198 mg/dL
Palpable peripheral pulses
68 years of age
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because 120/80 mm Hg is a normal blood pressure, not a high risk factor for diabetes mellitus. High blood pressure, or hypertension, is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, as it can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, having a normal blood pressure does not rule out the possibility of having diabetes mellitus, as other factors, such as blood sugar level, family history, or lifestyle, can also influence the risk.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because total cholesterol 198 mg/dL is a borderline high cholesterol level, not a high risk factor for diabetes mellitus. High cholesterol, or hyperlipidemia, is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, as it can affect the metabolism of fats and increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. However, having a borderline high cholesterol level does not confirm the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, as other factors, such as blood sugar level, family history, or lifestyle, can also influence the risk.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because palpable peripheral pulses are a normal finding, not a high risk factor for diabetes mellitus. Peripheral pulses are the pulsations of the arteries that can be felt in the extremities, such as the wrists or ankles. Palpable peripheral pulses indicate that the blood flow to the extremities is adequate and not compromised by diabetes mellitus. However, having palpable peripheral pulses does not rule out the possibility of having diabetes mellitus, as other factors, such as blood sugar level, family history, or lifestyle, can also influence the risk.
Choice D reason: This is correct because 68 years of age is a high risk factor for diabetes mellitus. Age is one of the non-modifiable risk factors for diabetes mellitus, as the risk increases with advancing age. This is because aging can affect the insulin production and sensitivity, as well as the body composition and function. Older adults are more likely to have diabetes mellitus than younger adults, especially if they have other risk factors, such as obesity, family history, or sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, 68 years of age is a high risk factor for diabetes mellitus.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Teaching the client alternative comfort measures is not the best recommendation for the nurse to implement, as it may imply that the client's pain is not taken seriously or that the nurse is reluctant to provide pain relief. The nurse would teach the client alternative comfort measures, such as relaxation techniques, distraction, or massage, as a supplement to the pain medication, not as a substitute.
Choice B reason: Telling the client that it is too soon for pain medication is not a good recommendation for the nurse to implement, as it may make the client feel dismissed, ignored, or judged. The nurse would follow the prescribed pain medication schedule, but also consider the client's individual needs and preferences, and adjust the dosage or frequency as needed, with the doctor's approval.
Choice C reason: Administering the pain medication as requested by the client is not a safe recommendation for the nurse to implement, as it may cause overdose, addiction, or adverse effects. The nurse would administer the pain medication as prescribed by the doctor, and monitor the client's response, side effects, and vital signs.
Choice D reason: Validating the pain with other assessment data is the best recommendation for the nurse to implement, as it shows respect, empathy, and professionalism. The nurse would acknowledge the client's pain, ask about the location, intensity, quality, and duration of the pain, and use a pain scale or a pain assessment tool to measure the pain. The nurse would also check for any physical or behavioral signs of pain, such as grimacing, guarding, or restlessness. The nurse would document the pain assessment and report any changes or concerns to the doctor.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Changing facial expression is not a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes reduced facial expression or mask-like face. The client may have difficulty blinking, smiling, or showing emotions.
Choice B reason: Frequent movement is not a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes slowed movement or bradykinesia. The client may have difficulty initiating, continuing, or completing movements.
Choice C reason: Resting hand tremors is a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes rhythmic shaking of the hands, fingers, or other body parts. The tremors usually occur when the affected limb is at rest and may decrease when the client is performing tasks.
Choice D reason: Fast movements is not a likely action to be observed during the assessment, as PD causes impaired movement or dyskinesia. The client may have involuntary, jerky, or twisting movements that are often unpredictable and uncontrollable.
Choice E reason: None of the above is not the correct answer, as there is one choice that is a likely action to be observed during the assessment.
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