Which conditions are likely to cause an older adult chronic pain? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect because wellness is not only dependent on the absence of disease, but also on the physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of health. The nurse should educate the client on how to cope with his condition and enhance his quality of life, not focus on the negative aspects of his disease.

Choice B reason: This statement is incorrect because aggressive medical interventions may not be appropriate or beneficial for a terminally ill client. The nurse should respect the client's wishes and preferences regarding his care, and provide comfort and palliative measures, not cause unnecessary pain or suffering.

Choice C reason: This statement is incorrect because wellness is still a real option for a terminally ill client. The nurse should not assume that the client has given up on his health or happiness, but rather support him in finding meaning and purpose in his life, and achieving his goals and values.

Choice D reason: This statement is correct because it reflects the nurse's role in promoting wellness for a terminally ill client. The nurse should provide nursing interventions that can help the client maintain his dignity, autonomy, and sense of control, as well as address his physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs. The nurse should also empower the client to make informed decisions about his care, and facilitate his communication with his family and health care team.

Choice A reason: Overflow incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the bladder becomes overfilled and cannot empty completely. This causes urine to leak out of the bladder, even when the person does not feel the urge to urinate. A large residual urine volume is a common sign of overflow incontinence, as it indicates that the bladder is not emptying properly.

Choice B reason: Urge incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the bladder contracts involuntarily and causes a sudden and strong urge to urinate. This can result in urine leakage before the person can reach the toilet. A large residual urine volume is not a typical feature of urge incontinence, as the bladder tends to empty frequently and urgently.

Choice C reason: Stress incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the pelvic floor muscles that support the bladder are weakened or damaged. This causes urine to leak out of the bladder when the person coughs, sneezes, laughs, or exerts pressure on the abdomen. A large residual urine volume is not a common symptom of stress incontinence, as the bladder does not overfill or contract involuntarily.

Choice D reason: Functional incontinence is a type of urinary incontinence that occurs when the person has normal bladder function but cannot reach the toilet in time due to physical or mental impairments. This can be caused by mobility problems, cognitive decline, dementia, or environmental barriers. A large residual urine volume is not a characteristic of functional incontinence, as the bladder can empty normally when the person has access to the toilet.