Assessment of a woman in labor reveals cervical dilation of 3 cm, cervical eﬀacement of 30%, and contractions occurring every 8 to 10 minutes, lasting about 30 seconds. The nurse determines that this client is in:
Select one:

Latent phase of the first stage of labor.

Transition phase of the first stage of labor.

Perineal phase of the second stage of labor.

Active phase of the first stage of labor.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A Reason: Latent phase of the first stage of labor. This is because this phase is characterized by mild and irregular contractions, slow cervical dilation (up to 4 cm), minimal cervical eﬀacement (up to 40%), and minimal discomfort or pain. The latent phase is also known as the early phase or preparatory phase of labor.

Choice B Reason: Transition phase of the first stage of labor. This is an incorrect answer that describes a diﬀerent phase with diﬀerent characteristics. The transition phase is marked by strong and frequent contractions, rapid cervical dilation (from 8 to 10 cm), complete cervical eﬀacement (100%), and intense discomfort or pain. The transition phase is also known as the terminal phase or acceleration phase of labor.

Choice C Reason: Perineal phase of the second stage of labor. This is an incorrect answer that refers to another stage and phase with diﬀerent features. The second stage of labor begins with complete cervical dilation (10 cm) and ends with delivery of the baby. The perineal phase is the last part of the second stage, where the baby's head crowns and emerges through the vaginal opening.

Choice D Reason: Active phase of the first stage of labor. This is an incorrect answer that indicates another phase with diﬀerent atributes. The active phase is characterized by moderate and regular contractions, progressive cervical dilation (from 4 to 8 cm), increased cervical eﬀacement (from 40% to 80%), and increased discomfort or pain. The active phase is also known as the middle phase or dilatation phase of labor.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Pulmonary edema is a condition where ﬂuid accumulates in the lungs, causing shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. It can occur in preeclampsia due to increased blood pressure and ﬂuid retention, but it is not a definitive sign of eclampsia.

Choice B Reason: Convulsion (seizure) is a sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles that can cause loss of consciousness, shaking, and twitching. It is the main symptom of eclampsia and distinguishes it from preeclampsia.

Choice C Reason: Renal failure is a condition where the kidneys fail to filter waste products from the blood, resulting in high levels of creatinine and urea. It can occur in preeclampsia due to reduced blood ﬂow to the kidneys, but it is not a specific indicator of eclampsia.

Choice D Reason: Retinal edema is a condition where ﬂuid leaks into the retina, causing blurred vision and ﬂashes of light. It can occur in preeclampsia due to increased blood pressure and damage to the blood vessels in the eye, but it is not a characteristic feature of eclampsia.

A. IgG. B. IgE. C. IgA. D. IgM.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason: IgG. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent type of antibody that is not abundant in breast milk. IgG is a type of antibody that provides systemic immunity against various antigens. IgG is found in low concentrations in breast milk, as it does not cross the mammary epithelium easily. IgG can protect the infant from some infections, but it is mainly transferred from the mother to the fetus through the placenta during pregnancy.

Choice B Reason: IgE. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent type of antibody that is not relevant to breast milk. IgE is a type of antibody that mediates allergic reactions and parasitic infections. IgE is found in very low concentrations in breast milk, as it does not have a significant role in mucosal immunity. IgE can trigger mast cells and basophils to release histamine and other inﬂammatory mediators, which can cause symptoms such as itching, swelling, or bronchoconstriction.

Choice C Reason: IgA. This is because IgA is a type of antibody that protects mucosal surfaces from pathogens and toxins. IgA is found in high concentrations in breast milk, especially in colostrum (the first milk produced after delivery). IgA can bind to bacteria and viruses in the infant's gastrointestinal tract and prevent them from ataching to the intestinal wall or crossing into the bloodstream. IgA can also enhance the infant's immune system by stimulating lymphoid tissue development and modulating inﬂammatory responses.

Choice D Reason: IgM. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent type of antibody that is not abundant in breast milk. IgM is a type of antibody that activates complement system and agglutinates antigens. IgM is found in low concentrations in breast milk, as it does not cross the mammary epithelium easily due to its large size. IgM can protect the infant from some infections, but it is mainly produced by the infant's own immune system in response to exposure to antigens.

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Assessment of a woman in labor reveals cervical dilation of 3 cm, cervical eﬀacement of 30%, and contractions occurring every 8 to 10 minutes, lasting about 30 seconds. The nurse determines that this client is in: Select one:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The primary factor that diﬀerentiates eclampsia from preeclampsia is: Select one:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

An nurse is counseling a new mother about the immunologic properties of breast milk. The nurse emphasizes that breast milk is the main source of which specific immunoglobulin? Select one:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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The nurse is performing a newborn physical assessment and is about to elicit the Moro reﬂex. Which of the following responses should the nurse expect to see? Select one:

A woman who is 12 hours postpartum had a pulse rate around 80 beats per minute during pregnancy. Now, the nurse finds a pulse of 60 beats per minute. Which of these actions should the nurse take? Select one:

A woman has just entered the third stage of labor. The nurse would focus care on which of the following? Select one:

The nurse, working in labor and delivery, performs a sterile vaginal exam on a laboring woman. During the exam, she feels a loop of pulsating cord in the vagina. The nurse would anticipate: Select one:

A client who is breastfeeding her newborn tells the nurse, "I notice that when I feed him, I feel fairly strong contraction-like pain. Labor is over. Why am I having contractions now?" Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? Select one:

A nurse explains to new parents that their newborn has developed respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Which of the following assessments that the nurse makes would support a diagnosis of RDS? Select one:

Assessment of a woman in labor reveals cervical dilation of 3 cm, cervical eﬀacement of 30%, and contractions occurring every 8 to 10 minutes, lasting about 30 seconds. The nurse determines that this client is in:
Select one: