Clinical judgment involves reasoning and interpretations. All of the following are types of reasoning except:

Choice A reason: Creating a plan of care is a complex process that involves assessing patient needs, setting goals, and determining the appropriate nursing actions to meet those goals. This falls within the RN's scope of practice as it requires specialized knowledge and critical thinking.

Choice B reason: Starting a peripheral IV is a technical skill that requires training and knowledge of anatomy, aseptic technique, and the potential complications associated with IV therapy. This task is typically performed by an RN or other licensed healthcare professional.

Choice C reason: Delegating to a patient care technician does not fall ONLY under an RN's scope of practice. While RNs can delegate tasks, other healthcare team members, such as licensed practical nurses (LPNs), may also have the authority to delegate certain tasks within their scope of practice.

Choice D reason: Analyzing data collected is an integral part of the nursing process, which includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. RNs are trained to interpret patient data to make informed decisions about care.

Choice E reason: Giving blood, or administering blood transfusions, is a responsibility that requires understanding of blood types, transfusion reactions, and monitoring. This is within the RN's scope of practice and requires specific training and competency.

Choice A reason:

Nonmaleficence is the ethical principle that obligates healthcare providers to avoid causing harm to patients. It encompasses not only direct harm but also the risk of harm, ensuring that actions taken are not detrimental to the patient's well-being.

Choice B reason:

Justice in ethics refers to fairness and equality in the distribution of benefits and burdens. While it is an important principle, it does not specifically address the avoidance of harm.

Choice C reason:

Fidelity involves being faithful to commitments and promises, such as maintaining confidentiality and trust in the patient-provider relationship. It is not directly related to the avoidance of harm.

Choice D reason:

Beneficence is the principle of doing good and acting in the best interest of the patient. Although related to nonmaleficence, beneficence is more about proactive well-doing rather than the avoidance of harm.