Complete the following using the list of options.
Mr. Brown is a 75-year-old client in for a routine check-up. He has several prescribed medications. The nurse knows that taking numerous drugs is known as:
Drug tolerance.
Pharmacogenetic reaction.
Drug toxicity.
Polypharmacy.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Drug tolerance refers to a phenomenon where a patient's response to a specific drug decreases over time, requiring larger doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect. This often occurs due to physiological adaptations, such as altered receptor sensitivity or increased drug metabolism, and is distinct from simply taking multiple medications.
Choice B rationale
A pharmacogenetic reaction involves an individual's unique genetic makeup influencing their response to a drug, leading to altered drug metabolism, efficacy, or adverse effects. This is a specific type of drug response based on genetic variations and is not synonymous with the practice of taking numerous medications.
Choice C rationale
Drug toxicity refers to adverse effects that occur when the concentration of a drug in the body exceeds the therapeutic range, leading to harmful or undesirable physiological effects. While taking multiple drugs can increase the risk of toxicity, toxicity itself is a consequence, not the term for taking numerous drugs.
Choice D rationale
Polypharmacy is the medical term used to describe the practice of taking multiple medications concurrently, often more than is medically necessary or when the potential for adverse drug interactions and side effects outweighs the benefits. This is a common issue in older adults due to the presence of multiple chronic conditions requiring different pharmacological interventions.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Administering only 0.5 mL subcutaneously is a common volume for certain medications, but it is not the maximum. Larger volumes can sometimes be administered, depending on the site and medication characteristics, without causing undue tissue distention or discomfort.
Choice B rationale
The subcutaneous tissue layer has a limited capacity for fluid absorption, and volumes exceeding 1 mL can cause tissue distention, discomfort, and potentially impair absorption due to increased pressure. This volume minimizes local tissue irritation and ensures optimal medication uptake into the systemic circulation.
Choice C rationale
Administering 2 mL subcutaneously is generally discouraged due to the potential for significant tissue distention, discomfort, and pain. Such a large volume can also lead to poor absorption and increased risk of local adverse reactions, making it an impractical and often unsafe choice for routine subcutaneous injections.
Choice D rationale
While 1.5 mL is closer to the maximum, it often pushes the limits of comfortable and effective subcutaneous administration. This volume may cause considerable discomfort, particularly in clients with limited subcutaneous tissue, and can compromise absorption rates.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Asking the client to stick out their tongue and move it from side to side, then up and down, directly assesses the function of the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). This nerve innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue, controlling its movement, which is essential for speech and swallowing, thereby evaluating its motor integrity.
Choice B rationale
Asking the client to stick out their tongue primarily assesses general tongue protrusion, but does not provide as comprehensive an assessment of hypoglossal nerve function as evaluating its full range of motion. Unilateral weakness or deviation, which is indicative of nerve damage, is better observed with side-to-side and up-and-down movements.
Choice C rationale
Asking the client to cover one eye and read a note card assesses visual acuity and the function of the optic nerve (cranial nerve II). This technique evaluates the eye's ability to perceive details and is unrelated to the motor function of the tongue or the hypoglossal nerve.
Choice D rationale
Having the patient smile, frown, and puff their cheeks primarily assesses the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). This nerve controls the muscles of facial expression, including those involved in smiling, frowning, and puffing out the cheeks, and is distinct from the hypoglossal nerve's role in tongue movement.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.