Complete the following using the list of options.
Mr. Brown is a 75-year-old client in for a routine check-up. He has several prescribed medications. The nurse knows that taking numerous drugs is known as:

Drug tolerance.

Pharmacogenetic reaction.

Drug toxicity.

Polypharmacy.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale

Drug tolerance refers to a phenomenon where a patient's response to a specific drug decreases over time, requiring larger doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect. This often occurs due to physiological adaptations, such as altered receptor sensitivity or increased drug metabolism, and is distinct from simply taking multiple medications.

Choice B rationale

A pharmacogenetic reaction involves an individual's unique genetic makeup influencing their response to a drug, leading to altered drug metabolism, efficacy, or adverse effects. This is a specific type of drug response based on genetic variations and is not synonymous with the practice of taking numerous medications.

Choice C rationale

Drug toxicity refers to adverse effects that occur when the concentration of a drug in the body exceeds the therapeutic range, leading to harmful or undesirable physiological effects. While taking multiple drugs can increase the risk of toxicity, toxicity itself is a consequence, not the term for taking numerous drugs.

Choice D rationale

Polypharmacy is the medical term used to describe the practice of taking multiple medications concurrently, often more than is medically necessary or when the potential for adverse drug interactions and side effects outweighs the benefits. This is a common issue in older adults due to the presence of multiple chronic conditions requiring different pharmacological interventions.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Inspection, as the initial assessment technique, relies on keen observation and often feels natural and comfortable for experienced practitioners. Expertise enhances the ability to systematically identify subtle visual cues, skin color changes, or movement abnormalities. The discomfort suggestion is incongruent with the skilled and focused nature of effective clinical inspection.

Choice B rationale

Inspection demands a comprehensive, unhurried visual assessment, not just a quick glance. A thorough inspection involves observing body systems methodically, noting details like symmetry, posture, gait, and superficial lesions. Rushing this phase can lead to missed crucial information, as many conditions present with visible signs that require careful scrutiny.

Choice C rationale

The inspection phase is foundational and remarkably informative, providing extensive data through meticulous observation of visible characteristics. It encompasses general appearance, facial expressions, body symmetry, skin condition, and respiratory effort. This detailed visual survey often reveals significant diagnostic clues even before physical contact, guiding subsequent assessment steps.

Choice D rationale

Inspection is an exceptionally rich source of information, contrary to yielding little. It provides a holistic view of the patient's immediate condition, including their overall demeanor, signs of distress, nutritional status, and any overt physical abnormalities. Many diagnoses are initially suggested or confirmed through careful visual inspection, making it indispensable.

A. "I know that my name is John. I am at the hospital in Evergreen. I cannot tell you what date it is, but I know that it is April 2025.”. B. "I know my name is John. I cannot tell you where I am. I think it is 2010.”. C. "I know that my name is John, but to tell you the truth, I get kind of confused about the date.”. D. "I know that my name is John; I guess I'm at the hospital in Evergreen. No, I do not know the date.”.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Orientation to person, place, and time is a fundamental component of cognitive assessment, indicating intact neurological function. Knowing one's full name demonstrates personal orientation. Recognizing the hospital and its location signifies place orientation. Providing the correct month and year, even without the exact day, suggests a reasonable grasp of temporal orientation, reflecting adequate higher cortical processing.

Choice B rationale

The inability to state one's location and an incorrect year indicate significant deficits in both place and time orientation. This suggests impaired cognitive function, potentially due to delirium, dementia, or other neurological issues affecting memory and executive functions. Such a response would warrant further comprehensive cognitive evaluation.

Choice C rationale

While knowing one's name indicates personal orientation, confusion about the date points to a deficit in time orientation. This partial disorientation suggests some level of cognitive impairment, necessitating further assessment to determine the underlying cause and extent of the confusion.

Choice D rationale

Hesitation regarding location and complete inability to state the date demonstrate significant disorientation to both place and time. This pattern of response is indicative of impaired cognitive function and necessitates a thorough neurological and cognitive workup to identify potential etiologies.

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Complete the following using the list of options. Mr. Brown is a 75-year-old client in for a routine check-up. He has several prescribed medications. The nurse knows that taking numerous drugs is known as:

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Complete the following using the list of options.
Mr. Brown is a 75-year-old client in for a routine check-up. He has several prescribed medications. The nurse knows that taking numerous drugs is known as: