Congenital heart defects are classified by which of the following? Select all that apply.
Defects with decreased pulmonary blood flow
Defects with increased pulmonary blood flow
Cyanotic defect.
Mixed defects.
Acyanotic defect.
Obstructive defects.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E,F
A. Pulmonary blood flow can be either decreased (e.g., Tetralogy of Fallot) or increased (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect).
B. Pulmonary blood flow can be either decreased (e.g., Tetralogy of Fallot) or increased (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect).
C. Congenital heart defects are further classified as cyanotic (causing low oxygenation, e.g., TOF) or acyanotic (not causing cyanosis, e.g., ventricular septal defect).
D. Mixed defects involve both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixing (e.g., transposition of the great arteries).
E. Congenital heart defects are further classified as cyanotic (causing low oxygenation, e.g., TOF) or acyanotic (not causing cyanosis, e.g., ventricular septal defect).
F. Obstructive defects involve narrowing of blood flow (e.g., coarctation of the aorta).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Antibiotic use does not contraindicate MMR unless the child has a severe illness.
B. Mild illnesses with low-grade fevers are not contraindications.
C. A past mild fever from previous vaccines is not a contraindication.
D. MMR is a live vaccine and is contraindicated in children with congenital immunodeficiencies (e.g., SCID) because it can cause severe infections.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"D","dropdown-group-2":"E"}
Explanation
The nurse should anticipate a provider's prescription for aspirin and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)
IVIG is the primary treatment for Kawasaki Disease and reduces the risk of coronary artery aneurysms by modulating the inflammatory response.
It should be administered as soon as possible (ideally within the first 10 days of illness).
Aspirin is given at high doses initially to reduce fever and inflammation.
Once the fever resolves, low-dose aspirin is continued for its antiplatelet effects to prevent coronary thrombosis.
Rationale for Incorrect Options:
Magnesium sulfate infusion → Used in torsades de pointes and preeclampsia, not Kawasaki Disease.
Intravenous antibiotics → Not indicated, as KD is not caused by a bacterial infection. This child has been on amoxicillin with no improvement, which suggests a non-infectious cause.
Nebulized racemic epinephrine → Used for croup, which presents with barking cough and stridor, not Kawasaki symptoms.
Iron supplements → The child has mild anemia, but the priority is addressing the underlying inflammation rather than iron replacement at this time.
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