Differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 is best described as:
Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas
Need for lifelong insulin injections
Increase of glucagon secretion from beta cells of the pancreas
Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues
The Correct Answer is D
A. Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas: This describes the autoimmune process characteristic of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, where the immune system attacks pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency.
B. Need for lifelong insulin injections: Lifelong insulin therapy is typically required in Type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency. Many individuals with Type 2 diabetes can manage their condition initially with lifestyle changes and oral medications.
C. Increase of glucagon secretion from beta cells of the pancreas: Glucagon is secreted by alpha cells, not beta cells, in the pancreas. Dysregulation of glucagon contributes to hyperglycemia but is not a defining feature distinguishing Type 2 diabetes.
D. Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues: Type 2 diabetes is primarily characterized by insulin resistance, where muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels despite normal or increased insulin production. This resistance is a hallmark feature distinguishing it from Type 1 diabetes.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Inflammation of the spinal cord: viral infection: This describes myelitis, which specifically affects the spinal cord, not encephalitis, which involves brain tissue inflammation.
B. A tumor of the brain: A brain tumor is a neoplastic growth and does not describe encephalitis, which is an inflammatory condition of the brain.
C. Inflammation of the brain tissue; viral infection: Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most commonly caused by viral infections such as herpes simplex virus, which directly infect and inflame brain tissue.
D. Infection of the meninges: bacterial infection: This describes meningitis, an infection of the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, not encephalitis, which affects the brain tissue itself.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Blood glucose levels in DKA are typically higher than in HHS: In fact, HHS usually presents with higher blood glucose levels than DKA—often exceeding 600 mg/dL, while DKA typically ranges from 250 to 600 mg/dL.
B. DKA involves significant ketosis and metabolic acidosis, while HHS typically does not: DKA is characterized by the breakdown of fats into ketones, leading to metabolic acidosis. HHS typically lacks significant ketosis because insulin levels, while low, are still sufficient to suppress ketogenesis.
C. DKA is more common in type 1 diabetes, while HHS is more common in type 2 diabetes: DKA usually occurs in individuals with type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency. HHS is more often seen in type 2 diabetics who still produce some insulin but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia and dehydration.
D. None of the above: This choice is incorrect, as B, C, and E are valid differences between DKA and HHS.
E. HHS patients often have more severe dehydration than DKA patients: HHS leads to profound osmotic diuresis over a longer period, causing extreme dehydration. DKA progresses faster but with less total fluid loss compared to HHS.
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