Which of the following describes these characteristics: eyes widely separated and have epicanthic folds, ears low set, nose broad and flat or beak-like, receding chin and many time limb defects are present.
Bruton's disorder
SCID
Potter syndrome
Down Syndrome
The Correct Answer is C
A. Bruton's disorder: Also known as X-linked agammaglobulinemia, this is a primary immunodeficiency that results in absent or reduced B cells and recurrent bacterial infections. It does not involve distinct facial features or limb defects as described in the question.
B. SCID: Severe Combined Immunodeficiency involves profound defects in both B and T lymphocyte function, leading to severe infections early in life. It is not associated with the described craniofacial abnormalities or limb deformities.
C. Potter syndrome: This condition is caused by severe oligohydramnios, often due to bilateral renal agenesis, and leads to characteristic physical features including widely spaced eyes with epicanthic folds, low-set ears, a broad or beaked nose, a receding chin, and limb deformities.
D. Down Syndrome: While individuals with Down Syndrome often have characteristic facial features such as upslanting palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridges, and low-set ears, they typically do not have beak-like noses, receding chins, or limb defects in the way described.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 90-year-old female whose blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is rising: An isolated rise in BUN can indicate dehydration, gastrointestinal bleeding, or renal impairment. While BUN may increase slightly with age, a significant rise should not be dismissed as normal aging and warrants further investigation.
B. 81-year-old male whose serum creatinine level has increased sharply since his last blood work: A sharp increase in creatinine is not typical with aging and may suggest acute kidney injury or worsening chronic kidney disease. In older adults, even small creatinine changes can be significant due to reduced muscle mass.
C. 80-year-old male whose dipstick urine reveals protein is present: Proteinuria is not a normal part of aging and may indicate underlying kidney damage, hypertension, or diabetes. Even trace amounts of protein in the urine of older adults should prompt further evaluation to rule out nephropathy.
D. 78-year-old female whose GFR has been steadily declining over several years: A gradual decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is expected with aging due to nephron loss and reduced renal perfusion. This change is a normal physiologic part of aging, provided there are no abrupt drops or accompanying signs of renal disease.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Calcium carbonate: This is commonly used as a phosphate binder in patients with renal failure and hyperphosphatemia. It works by binding dietary phosphate in the gut, reducing its absorption, and thereby helping to lower serum phosphate levels.
B. Sensipar (Cinacalcet): Cinacalcet is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. It works by increasing the sensitivity of calcium-sensing receptors in the parathyroid gland to lower PTH levels.
C. Levothyroxine: This is a synthetic thyroid hormone used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. It does not have any role in managing phosphate levels in renal failure patients.
D. Vitamin D (Calcitriol): Calcitriol helps manage hypocalcemia and suppresses parathyroid hormone secretion in CKD. However, it may increase phosphate absorption from the gut, potentially worsening hyperphosphatemia if not carefully monitored.
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