What is the key difference between primary and secondary endocrine disorders?
Primary disorders affect hormone receptors, while secondary disorders affect hormone production
Primary disorders originate in the target organ, while secondary disorders originate in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus
Primary disorders involve the hypothalamus, while secondary disorders involve the target organ
Primary disorders are caused by external factors, while secondary disorders are caused by genetic mutations
The Correct Answer is B
A. Primary disorders affect hormone receptors, while secondary disorders affect hormone production: While receptor sensitivity may play a role in some conditions, the main distinction between primary and secondary endocrine disorders is based on the location of dysfunction, not receptor or hormone function alone.
B. Primary disorders originate in the target organ, while secondary disorders originate in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus: In primary disorders, the problem lies in the endocrine gland itself (e.g., the thyroid gland in primary hypothyroidism), while secondary disorders result from dysfunction in regulatory centers like the pituitary or hypothalamus.
C. Primary disorders involve the hypothalamus, while secondary disorders involve the target organ: This reverses the correct relationship. Secondary disorders typically involve the hypothalamus or pituitary, not primary disorders.
D. Primary disorders are caused by external factors, while secondary disorders are caused by genetic mutations: While both external and genetic factors can contribute to endocrine disorders, this distinction does not define the difference between primary and secondary types. The classification is based on the anatomical source of dysfunction.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hemorrhage: Hemorrhage leads to significant blood loss, resulting in decreased blood volume and reduced renal perfusion, which is a common cause of prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI).
B. Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis can cause systemic vasodilation and reduced effective circulating volume, leading to decreased renal blood flow and prerenal failure due to impaired kidney perfusion.
C. Kidney disease: Kidney disease itself is an intrinsic (renal) cause of kidney failure, involving direct damage to the kidney tissue, rather than prerenal failure caused by decreased perfusion.
D. Narrowing of the blood vessels leading to the kidneys: Renal artery stenosis reduces blood flow to the kidneys, causing prerenal failure by impairing kidney perfusion despite adequate circulating volume.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Three: Up to three bowel movements per day is generally considered the upper limit of normal for stool frequency in adults. This range accommodates individual variation while distinguishing normal from diarrhea.
B. Five: Five stools per day exceed the typical upper limit and may indicate diarrhea or an underlying gastrointestinal disorder if persistent, rather than normal bowel habits.
C. Two: Two stools per day fall well within the normal range but do not represent the upper limit. Normal stool frequency can range from three times per day to three times per week.
D. Seven: Seven stools per day indicate frequent bowel movements consistent with diarrhea, which is above normal frequency and warrants further assessment for underlying causes.
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