All of the following are correct for causes of intrarenal acute kidney injury except:
Acute renal disease-acute glomerulonephritits
Exposure to nephrotoxic drugs, heavy metals, and organic solvents
Prolonged renal ischemia
Liver failure
The Correct Answer is D
A. Acute renal disease–acute glomerulonephritis: This leads to inflammation and damage of the glomerular basement membrane, impairing filtration and causing intrarenal injury. It often presents with hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension.
B. Exposure to nephrotoxic drugs, heavy metals, and organic solvents: These substances damage renal tubules through direct toxicity or by causing crystal formation, leading to acute tubular necrosis. Common agents include aminoglycosides and contrast dyes.
C. Prolonged renal ischemia: Sustained low perfusion causes tubular cell death and sloughing, leading to obstruction and decreased GFR. It is often a progression from untreated prerenal AKI.
D. Liver failure: Liver dysfunction reduces renal perfusion and may cause hepatorenal syndrome, but this is classified as prerenal, not intrarenal, in origin. The kidneys are structurally intact but functionally impaired.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The adrenal cortex is vital for life because it produces key hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens. Cortisol helps regulate metabolism, stress responses, and immune function. Aldosterone maintains sodium and potassium balance, crucial for blood pressure and fluid regulation. Without these hormones, the body cannot sustain essential physiological processes.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Urine output <30mL/hour: Oliguria is defined as a markedly reduced urine output, typically less than 400 mL per day or less than 30 mL per hour. It indicates decreased kidney function or perfusion and is common in progressive renal conditions.
B. Absence of urine output: This describes anuria, not oliguria. Anuria is defined as urine output less than 100 mL per day and signifies severe kidney failure or complete urinary tract obstruction.
C. Increased urine output: This describes polyuria, often associated with conditions like uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, not oliguria.
D. Urine output >100mL/hour: This is well above the threshold for oliguria and may suggest diuresis or overhydration. It does not meet the criteria for decreased kidney output.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.