Emily, a 50-year-old woman with a past medical history of asthma and GERD, reports irritation and a burning sensation in her airway. Which of the following defense mechanisms is likely compromised?
Reflex bronchoconstriction
Mucocillary clearance system
Filtration of air
Alveolar macrophages
The Correct Answer is B
A. Reflex bronchoconstriction is a defense mechanism that helps protect the airway during exposure to irritants or allergens, but it wouldn't typically lead to irritation and burning sensation.
B. The mucociliary clearance system, which helps remove particles and pathogens from the airway by moving mucus upward via ciliary action, is likely compromised in Emily, leading to accumulation of irritants and subsequent symptoms.
C. Filtration of air occurs primarily in the upper respiratory tract and is not directly related to irritation and burning sensation in the airway.
D. Alveolar macrophages are primarily involved in defense against pathogens in the alveoli of the lungs and are not directly related to irritation and burning sensation in the airway.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Assessing the size and shape of the testicles can be part of a genital examination but is not the primary reason for asking David to bear down.
B. Asking David to bear down increases intra-abdominal pressure, making it easier to detect hernias in the inguinal ring and canal.
C. Checking for the presence of lumps in the scrotum may be part of the examination but is not the primary reason for asking David to bear down.
D. Evaluating the character and distribution of pubic hair is not related to detecting hernias and is not the primary reason for asking David to bear down.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Dry and scaling skin may occur as a side effect of topical corticosteroids, but thinning of the skin is a more concerning adverse effect.
B. While systemic corticosteroids can exacerbate asthma, topical corticosteroids are less likely to worsen asthma symptoms unless used excessively on the face or in high quantities.
C. Reddish-brown discoloration of the skin (hyperpigmentation) is a potential adverse effect of topical corticosteroids but is less common compared to skin thinning.
D. Thinning of the skin (skin atrophy) is a common adverse effect of high-potency topical corticosteroids, especially with prolonged use. This is of particular concern for David given his asthma history, as it may increase the risk of systemic absorption.
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