Emily, a 50-year-old woman with a past medical history of asthma and GERD, reports irritation and a burning sensation in her airway. Which of the following defense mechanisms is likely compromised?
Reflex bronchoconstriction
Mucocillary clearance system
Filtration of air
Alveolar macrophages
The Correct Answer is B
A. Reflex bronchoconstriction is a defense mechanism that helps protect the airway during exposure to irritants or allergens, but it wouldn't typically lead to irritation and burning sensation.
B. The mucociliary clearance system, which helps remove particles and pathogens from the airway by moving mucus upward via ciliary action, is likely compromised in Emily, leading to accumulation of irritants and subsequent symptoms.
C. Filtration of air occurs primarily in the upper respiratory tract and is not directly related to irritation and burning sensation in the airway.
D. Alveolar macrophages are primarily involved in defense against pathogens in the alveoli of the lungs and are not directly related to irritation and burning sensation in the airway.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Albuterol is used for bronchodilation and is not indicated for Sandra's presentation.
B. She needs arterial blood gas analysis to monitor her acid-base status, as she has a low pH indicating acidosis.
C. Sandra is a patient who has signs and symptoms of peritonsillar abscess, a complication of recurrent tonsillitis. She needs urgent treatment to prevent airway obstruction and sepsis.
D. Given Sandra's history of tonsillitis and elevated WBC count, initiating antibiotics targeting streptococcal infection is crucial.
E. While a chest X-ray may be indicated for respiratory symptoms, it's not the most immediate action needed for Sandra's management.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Inflammatory bowel disease typically presents with symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal bleeding, rather than isolated rectal pain exacerbated by bowel movements.
B. Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause pain, itching, and bleeding, especially during bowel movements. Regular use of ibuprofen can exacerbate hemorrhoids by causing irritation and thinning of the rectal lining.
C. Rectal prolapse involves the protrusion of the rectum through the anus and may cause discomfort during bowel movements, but it is less common than hemorrhoids.
D. Colorectal cancer can cause rectal pain but is less likely in the absence of other symptoms such as rectal bleeding or changes in bowel habits.
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