Emily, a 50-year-old woman with a past medical history of asthma and GERD, reports irritation and a burning sensation in her airway. Which of the following defense mechanisms is likely compromised?
Reflex bronchoconstriction
Mucocillary clearance system
Filtration of air
Alveolar macrophages
The Correct Answer is B
A. Reflex bronchoconstriction is a defense mechanism that helps protect the airway during exposure to irritants or allergens, but it wouldn't typically lead to irritation and burning sensation.
B. The mucociliary clearance system, which helps remove particles and pathogens from the airway by moving mucus upward via ciliary action, is likely compromised in Emily, leading to accumulation of irritants and subsequent symptoms.
C. Filtration of air occurs primarily in the upper respiratory tract and is not directly related to irritation and burning sensation in the airway.
D. Alveolar macrophages are primarily involved in defense against pathogens in the alveoli of the lungs and are not directly related to irritation and burning sensation in the airway.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Emily is showing signs of myasthenic crisis, a life-threatening condition characterized by severe weakness of respiratory muscles. Initiating mechanical ventilation is the most immediate intervention to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation.
B. Administering high-dose corticosteroids may be part of the treatment for myasthenia gravis but would not address the immediate need for respiratory support.
C. Neostigmine is a medication used to treat myasthenia gravis but may not provide rapid relief in a crisis situation.
D. Providing supplemental oxygen may help temporarily but would not address the underlying respiratory muscle weakness and need for mechanical ventilation.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While pain management and assessing for skin injuries are important, prioritizing assessments related to bleeding risk due to anticoagulant therapy is crucial.
B. These assessments help evaluate Sarah's coagulation status and bleeding risk, given her anticoagulant therapy and recent injury.
C. While these interventions may help manage swelling and pain, they do not directly address Sarah's increased bleeding risk.
D. Heat application may increase bleeding risk, and acetaminophen alone may not address potential bleeding complications.
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