Erythropoietin is a hormone produced by the kidney. What will a deficiency of erythropoietin in a patient in chronic renal failure result in?
Hypertension as a result of the increased, concentrated blood volume.
Elevated lipid levels in the bloodstream, contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis.
Anemia as a result of the diminished number of red blood cells being produced.
Diminished immunologic function with fewer white blood cells.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Hypertension as a result of the increased, concentrated blood volume: Hypertension in chronic kidney disease is due to fluid overload and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, not erythropoietin deficiency.
B. Elevated lipid levels in the bloodstream, contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis: Dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease is unrelated to erythropoietin deficiency.
C. Anemia as a result of the diminished number of red blood cells being produced: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production; its deficiency in chronic renal failure leads to anemia.
D. Diminished immunologic function with fewer white blood cells: White blood cell production is not directly affected by erythropoietin deficiency.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The sclera of the eye is yellow while on therapy: Yellowing of the sclera is not a common effect of phenazopyridine but may suggest liver dysfunction, which is not associated with this drug.
B. Urine will have a foul smell while taking this medication: Phenazopyridine does not cause urine to have a foul smell. It only changes the color.
C. Diarrhea and abdominal cramping are expected adverse effects: Gastrointestinal side effects are not typically associated with phenazopyridine.
D. Urine will appear reddish orange: Phenazopyridine, a urinary tract analgesic, can cause a reddish-orange discoloration of the urine, which is harmless but may stain clothing or contact lenses.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Blood volume decreases: While fluid imbalances are common in renal failure, the oliguric stage is marked by fluid retention, not decreased blood volume.
B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises: The oliguric stage is characterized by reduced urine output, leading to waste product accumulation, including elevated BUN levels.
C. Urine osmolality increases: In renal failure, urine osmolality may remain low or not reflect changes due to impaired kidney function.
D. Serum calcium increases: Serum calcium often decreases in renal failure due to disturbances in vitamin D metabolism and phosphate retention.
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