What is true about the urine osmolality when the kidney is adequately functioning?
Equal to the excretion of urea
In a ratio of 10:1 with the serum
Approximately half of the serum
Equal to the osmolality of the serum
The Correct Answer is D
A. Equal to the excretion of urea: Urea excretion contributes to osmolality but does not define it.
B. In a ratio of 10:1 with the serum: This is not a recognized ratio for urine and serum osmolality.
C. Approximately half of the serum: In a healthy kidney, urine osmolality may vary but typically equals serum osmolality in a state of balance.
D. Equal to the osmolality of the serum: Under normal conditions, the kidney regulates urine osmolality to maintain a balance with serum osmolality, reflecting adequate kidney function.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Leaving the nephrostomy site open to air: The nephrostomy site should be covered with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.
B. Instilling no more than 50 mL of sterile water if sterile irrigations are ordered: Irrigation should be done with care, and no more than 5-10 mL of sterile solution is typically instilled to avoid kidney damage.
C. Clamping every 2 hours to allow expansion of the kidney pelvis: Clamping the nephrostomy tube is contraindicated as it can lead to increased pressure in the kidney, worsening the obstruction and potentially causing damage.
D. Being certain the tube is connected, not kinked, or not clamped to ensure that it continually drains: Ensuring the tube remains patent and continuously drains is essential to avoid complications such as hydronephrosis or infection.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Urinary calculi, probably located in the ureter: Ureteral stones may cause flank pain or hematuria, but symptoms like urgency and cloudy urine are more indicative of infection.
B. Cystitis, probably from bacterial contamination: The symptoms of urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain, and dark, cloudy urine strongly suggest bacterial cystitis (UTI).
C. Kidney infection, most likely pyelonephritis: Pyelonephritis typically presents with systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, and flank pain, which are not described here.
D. Interstitial cystitis (although rare in a male patient): Interstitial cystitis is a chronic condition that is not usually associated with cloudy urine or bacterial contamination.
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