Why are patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure and on dialysis prone to injury?
Multiple life changes and hormone deficiencies
Bone demineralization and peripheral neuropathy
Impaired immune response and malnutrition
Fatigue and drug side effects
The Correct Answer is B
A. Multiple life changes and hormone deficiencies: These factors may contribute to psychological stress but do not directly increase the risk of physical injury.
B. Bone demineralization and peripheral neuropathy: Chronic renal failure often leads to bone demineralization (secondary to disrupted calcium-phosphorus metabolism) and peripheral neuropathy (due to uremic toxins), both of which increase injury risk.
C. Impaired immune response and malnutrition: These are common in chronic renal failure but are more related to infection risk than injury.
D. Fatigue and drug side effects: While fatigue and medication effects can contribute to falls, the primary causes are bone and nerve damage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Pyuria: Pyuria (pus in the urine) is a sign of UTI but is not the most common symptom in the elderly.
B. Hematuria: Blood in the urine may occur but is not as common in the elderly as confusion.
C. Confusion: In elderly patients, confusion or altered mental status is often the first and most prominent sign of a UTI due to their atypical presentation of infections.
D. Dysuria: Painful urination is a classic symptom of UTI but may not be as apparent in elderly patients as confusion.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Blood volume decreases: While fluid imbalances are common in renal failure, the oliguric stage is marked by fluid retention, not decreased blood volume.
B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level rises: The oliguric stage is characterized by reduced urine output, leading to waste product accumulation, including elevated BUN levels.
C. Urine osmolality increases: In renal failure, urine osmolality may remain low or not reflect changes due to impaired kidney function.
D. Serum calcium increases: Serum calcium often decreases in renal failure due to disturbances in vitamin D metabolism and phosphate retention.
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