Excretion of dilute urine requires
impermeability of the collecting tubule to water
the presence of ADH
relative permeability of the distal tubule to water
transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending nephron loop
The Correct Answer is A
A. Impermeability of the collecting tubule to water: In the absence of ADH, the collecting duct is impermeable to water, allowing dilute urine to be excreted.
B. The presence of ADH: ADH increases water reabsorption, leading to concentrated urine, not dilute.
C. Relative permeability of the distal tubule to water: If the tubule is permeable to water (due to ADH), water is reabsorbed, and urine becomes concentrated.
D. Transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending nephron loop: The descending limb is not permeable to salts-only the ascending limb actively reabsorbs Na⁺ and Cl⁻.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The voluntary phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth: The oral phase is under voluntary control and involves tongue movement to push the bolus to the oropharynx.
B. The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea: This is incorrect. The epiglottis prevents food from entering the trachea by covering the glottis during swallowing; it does not propel food.
C. The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx: After the oral phase, swallowing becomes involuntary, involving reflexive contractions of pharyngeal muscles.
D. The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing: All three structures are involved in the three phases of deglutition: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A"}
Explanation
A. Stomach: The stomach mixes the food with gastric juices, converting the solid bolus into a semi-liquid substance called chyme.
B. Small intestine: The small intestine receives chyme but does not liquefy the bolus.
C. Mouth: The mouth forms the bolus through mastication and saliva, but it does not produce chyme.
D. Esophagus: The esophagus only transports the bolus via peristalsis and plays no role in liquefying it.
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