The urine is most likely to be hypotonic when the
body's water volume is high
body's pH is low
output of antidiuretic hormone is high
output of natriuretic peptides is high
person is lost and deprived of drinking water
The Correct Answer is A
A. Body’s water volume is high: When well-hydrated, ADH secretion is low, resulting in dilute (hypotonic) urine as the kidneys excrete excess water.
B. Body’s pH is low: This would affect acid-base balance, not urine tonicity directly.
C. Output of antidiuretic hormone is high: High ADH increases water reabsorption, leading to concentrated (hypertonic) urine.
D. Output of natriuretic peptides is high: These promote Na⁺ and water loss, but hypotonic urine isn't guaranteed.
E. Person is lost and deprived of drinking water: In dehydration, ADH increases, and urine becomes concentrated, not hypotonic.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Impermeability of the collecting tubule to water: In the absence of ADH, the collecting duct is impermeable to water, allowing dilute urine to be excreted.
B. The presence of ADH: ADH increases water reabsorption, leading to concentrated urine, not dilute.
C. Relative permeability of the distal tubule to water: If the tubule is permeable to water (due to ADH), water is reabsorbed, and urine becomes concentrated.
D. Transport of sodium and chloride ions out of the descending nephron loop: The descending limb is not permeable to salts-only the ascending limb actively reabsorbs Na⁺ and Cl⁻.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Glomerular filtration rate will increase: Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole increases resistance, raising glomerular pressure and increasing GFR.
B. Urine output will increase: Increased GFR results in more filtrate, which can lead to increased urine output.
C. Systemic blood pressure will go up: This is unlikely to be directly caused by local vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole. Systemic BP is mainly influenced by overall vascular resistance and cardiac output.
D. Net filtration pressure will increase: Efferent arteriole constriction backs up pressure in the glomerulus, increasing net filtration pressure.
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