When a strong acid such as HCI is added to the carbonic acid buffer system,
more carbonic acid is formed
hydrochloric acid is neutralized by sodium hydroxide
carbonic acid is converted into bicarbonate
the blood plasma pH is reduced
The Correct Answer is A
A. More carbonic acid is formed: The bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻) binds with H⁺ from HCl, forming carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which helps buffer the drop in pH.
B. Hydrochloric acid is neutralized by sodium hydroxide: Sodium hydroxide is not involved in this buffer system; this describes a basic chemical reaction, not physiological buffering.
C. Carbonic acid is converted into bicarbonate: The reverse happens when acid is added-bicarbonate becomes carbonic acid.
D. The blood plasma pH is reduced: The buffer system prevents a large drop in pH by neutralizing the added acid.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Urine output will decrease: Vasodilation of efferent arterioles lowers glomerular pressure, leading to a lower GFR and reduced urine output.
B. Glomerular filtration rate will decrease: A wider efferent arteriole reduces resistance, decreasing the pressure inside the glomerulus, hence lowering GFR.
C. Systemic blood pressure will decrease: Local vasodilation of the efferent arteriole does not significantly affect systemic blood pressure. Systemic pressure is influenced more by cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, not glomerular arteriole tone.
D. Net filtration pressure will decrease: Lower glomerular capillary pressure results in reduced net filtration pressure (NFP).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Peptides: Peptides in the stomach stimulate G cells to release gastrin, which enhances gastric secretion.
B. Distention: Stretch receptors in the stomach wall respond to distention and activate gastric secretions via reflexes.
C. Low acidity: A rise in pH (low acidity) following food entry triggers gastrin release.
D. Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates do not significantly stimulate gastric secretions; proteins are the primary stimulus during the gastric phase.
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