When a strong acid such as HCI is added to the carbonic acid buffer system,
more carbonic acid is formed
hydrochloric acid is neutralized by sodium hydroxide
carbonic acid is converted into bicarbonate
the blood plasma pH is reduced
The Correct Answer is A
A. More carbonic acid is formed: The bicarbonate ion (HCO₃⁻) binds with H⁺ from HCl, forming carbonic acid (H₂CO₃), which helps buffer the drop in pH.
B. Hydrochloric acid is neutralized by sodium hydroxide: Sodium hydroxide is not involved in this buffer system; this describes a basic chemical reaction, not physiological buffering.
C. Carbonic acid is converted into bicarbonate: The reverse happens when acid is added-bicarbonate becomes carbonic acid.
D. The blood plasma pH is reduced: The buffer system prevents a large drop in pH by neutralizing the added acid.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. It regulates the rate of filtrate formation: The juxtaglomerular complex (JGC) helps control glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by monitoring filtrate content and flow.
B. Its macula densa cells produce aldosterone: Macula densa cells sense sodium concentration but do not produce aldosterone. Aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex.
C. Its granular cells produce renin: Granular (juxtaglomerular) cells release renin in response to low blood pressure or sodium.
D. It helps control systemic blood pressure: Through renin release and the RAAS system, the JGC helps regulate blood pressure.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"C"}
Explanation
A. Intrinsic salivary gland: This is a general category, not a pair of specific glands, so it doesn't answer the two-part question.
B. Lingual; labial: Both lingual and labial glands are intrinsic (minor) salivary glands.
C. Submandibular; lingual: The submandibular gland is one of the major extrinsic salivary glands, while lingual glands are minor intrinsic glands located in the tongue.
D. Submandibular; sublingual: Both are extrinsic salivary glands.
E. Sublingual; parotid: Both are extrinsic glands; the parotid is the largest.
F. Lingual; sublingual: Lingual is intrinsic; sublingual is extrinsic, so the order here is reversed.
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