Fluid, cells or other substances that have been slowly discharged from body cells or blood vessels, through small pores or breaks in the cell membrane are called:

A. Dizziness, especially when rising from a sitting position – Dizziness is a subjective symptom reported by the patient rather than an objectively observed sign.

B. Blood pressure 145/84 – Blood pressure is an objective measurement and is considered a sign because it can be directly observed and recorded.

C. Unexplained weight gain since his last clinic visit 1 month ago – Weight gain is a measurable and observable change, making it a sign, especially in conditions like heart failure.

D. Exertional dyspnea – Exertional dyspnea (shortness of breath with activity) is a subjective experience reported by the patient, making it a symptom rather than a sign.

E. Has been sleeping on 2 pillows for the past 2 weeks – The need for multiple pillows to relieve breathing difficulty (orthopnea) is a subjective symptom, not an observable sign.

F. 2+ edema in J.M.'s legs – Edema (swelling) is an observable physical finding, making it a sign. It is commonly associated with heart failure and fluid retention.

A. Auscultation. – Auscultation (listening to body sounds) is important, but it is not the most frequently used skill in an overall assessment.

B. Percussion. – Percussion (tapping on body surfaces to assess underlying structures) is used selectively, not as frequently as inspection.

C. Inspection. – Inspection (visual examination) is the most frequently used assessment technique. Nurses use it to observe skin color, posture, wounds, and general appearance before using other techniques.

D. Palpation. – Palpation (feeling with hands) is essential but follows inspection in the assessment process.