For staging of head and neck cancer, which letter indicates whether cancer has spread to another part of the body?

A. Visual deterioration is not typically associated with nasal drainage following a hypophysectomy unless the optic nerves or structures are affected during surgery.
B. Diabetes is not related to the glucose content in the nasal drainage; it's unrelated to this situation.
C. The presence of glucose in the drainage indicates a possible cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, as CSF contains glucose. A CSF leak increases the risk of meningitis due to the direct connection to the central nervous system.
D. Hypoglycemia is not associated with the glucose content of drainage fluid. This is more relevant to blood glucose levels.

A. Exercising safe sex practices, especially in regard to human papillomavirus (HPV), is important because HPV is a known risk factor for head and neck cancers, particularly oropharyngeal cancers. Safe sex practices, including the use of barriers like condoms, can reduce the risk of HPV infection.
B. Reducing smoking to half a pack/day is still a significant risk factor for head and neck cancer. The best approach is to quit smoking completely, as even small amounts of tobacco use increase the risk of cancer.
C. Alcohol consumption is a known risk factor for head and neck cancer, particularly when combined with smoking. The nurse should educate the client to limit alcohol intake or avoid it altogether.
D. Using harsh toothpastes or mouthwashes does not significantly affect the risk of head and neck cancer. However, maintaining good oral hygiene is important for overall health.