For staging of head and neck cancer, which letter indicates whether cancer has spread to another part of the body?
M
D
T
N
The Correct Answer is A
A. The letter "M" in cancer staging refers to metastasis, or whether cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
B. "D" is not part of the TNM staging system for cancer.
C. "T" in the TNM staging system refers to the size of the primary tumor and its extent in the tissue.
D. "N" refers to the extent of regional lymph node involvement but not metastasis to distant organs.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. 4 oz diet soda: This is incorrect. Diet soda contains no sugar and will not raise the client's blood glucose level. Although it may provide some hydration, it won't address the hypoglycemia.
B. 4 oz skim milk: This is the correct choice. Skim milk contains both lactose (a sugar) and protein, which can help raise the blood glucose and stabilize it over a longer period. This is a suitable option for treating mild hypoglycemia.
C. Graham crackers: While graham crackers contain carbohydrates, they are not the most immediate or efficient choice in this case. They are slower to digest and may not raise the blood glucose level as quickly as the combination of sugar and protein found in milk.
D. 1 tsp sugar: This is not the best option. While sugar can raise blood glucose, it is a fast-acting form of carbohydrate that may not sustain the client's blood glucose for a longer period. A more balanced option, such as milk, would provide both rapid and sustained glucose elevation.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Increase carbohydrate intake.: This is incorrect. Cushing’s disease is characterized by excessive cortisol, which can lead to increased blood glucose levels, making carbohydrate intake less desirable. Clients with Cushing's disease often need to manage their blood sugar levels, so they should not increase carbohydrates indiscriminately.
B. Limit intake of potassium-rich foods.: This is incorrect. In Cushing’s disease, elevated cortisol levels can lead to potassium depletion, so clients should actually increase their intake of potassium-rich foods to help counteract the effects of low potassium, not limit them.
C. Restrict sodium intake.: This is correct. Cushing’s disease often results in fluid retention and hypertension due to increased cortisol and aldosterone levels. Restricting sodium helps manage these symptoms and reduces the risk of complications such as edema and high blood pressure.
D. Decrease protein intake.: This is incorrect. While protein breakdown is a feature of Cushing's disease, protein intake should not necessarily be decreased. Adequate protein intake is important to prevent muscle wasting, a common issue in clients with Cushing’s disease.
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