Hair that is pale and is found on children and adult females is vellus hair.

A. conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water:This describes the complete process of cellular respiration, including the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, not glycolysis.

B. formation of sugar:Glycolysis does not form sugar; it breaks down glucose molecules into smaller intermediates to release energy.

C. conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid:Glycolysis involves the breakdown of one glucose molecule (6 carbons) into two pyruvic acid molecules (3 carbons each). This catabolic process releases a small amount of ATP and NADH.

D. conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water:This occurs during the later stages of cellular respiration, specifically the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, rather than during glycolysis itself.

A. cytoplasm; 2:The cytoplasm is where glycolysis occurs, producing 2 ATP molecules per glucose. The citric acid cycle does not take place in the cytoplasm.

B. cytoplasm; 30:The citric acid cycle does not occur in the cytoplasm, and it does not directly produce 30 ATP; this higher yield comes from combined cellular respiration including the electron transport chain.

C. mitochondria; 2:The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Each turn of the cycle produces 1 ATP (or GTP) per acetyl-CoA; since one glucose yields 2 acetyl-CoA, a total of 2 ATP are produced directly by the citric acid cycle.

D. mitochondria; 28:While the citric acid cycle generates high-energy electron carriers (NADH and FADH₂) that lead to ATP production in the electron transport chain, the cycle itself directly produces only 2 ATP per glucose molecule.