How are primary immunodeficiency disorders different from secondary immunodeficiency disorders?
Primary immunodeficiency disorders are acquired later in life, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders are present from birth.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders result from a genetic or inherited defect, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders are caused by external factors, such as infections or medications.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders primarily affect the skin and mucous membranes, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders primarily affect the respiratory system.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders are more common than secondary immunodeficiency disorders.
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: The correct answer is b. Primary immunodeficiency disorders result from a genetic or inherited defect, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders are caused by external factors, such as infections or medications.
Incorrect choices:
a. Primary immunodeficiency disorders are present from birth and are usually genetic or inherited, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders can be acquired later in life due to external factors.
c. The manifestations and systems affected by primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders can vary widely and are not limited to specific areas of the body.
d. Secondary immunodeficiency disorders are more common than primary immunodeficiency disorders, as they can be caused by various factors and are often associated with other medical conditions.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: The correct answer is c. Immunodeficiency disorders can lead to an increased susceptibility to infections. Immunodeficiency disorders are characterized by a weakened or impaired immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections, both common and opportunistic.
Incorrect choices:
a. Immunodeficiency disorders result from a weakened immune system, not an overactive one. In overactive immune responses, autoimmune disorders may occur.
b. While some immunodeficiency disorders have a genetic basis, not all cases are caused by genetic factors. Some immunodeficiency disorders can be acquired later in life due to infections, medications, or other factors.
d. Immunodeficiency disorders are not typically treated with anti-inflammatory medications. Treatment may involve immunoglobulin replacement therapy, antiviral medications, or stem cell transplantation, depending on the specific disorder and its underlying cause.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Explanation: The correct answer is b. DiGeorge syndrome. This disorder is caused by a deletion in chromosome 22, resulting in the underdevelopment of the thymus and parathyroid glands. It leads to impaired T cell function and is associated with developmental delays, chronic infections, and autoimmune problems.
Incorrect choices:
a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that primarily affects B cell function, leading to a deficiency of immunoglobulins (antibodies).
c. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by a triad of symptoms: eczema, thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), and immunodeficiency.
d. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of rare disorders characterized by a severe deficiency of T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.
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