If a patient has secondary hypertension, the nurse realizes that the patient has an abnormal blood pressure caused by:.
Elevated levels of LDL.
High sodium intake.
Genetics.
An underlying disease.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
Elevated levels of LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) are associated with hyperlipidemia, which can contribute to the development of primary hypertension. However, secondary hypertension, as described in the question, is characterized by elevated blood pressure due to underlying medical conditions, not solely by high LDL levels. Primary hypertension is more commonly associated with elevated LDL levels.
Choice B rationale:
High sodium intake can contribute to primary hypertension by increasing blood volume and causing vasoconstriction. This is a risk factor for primary hypertension, but secondary hypertension, as indicated in the question, is typically caused by underlying diseases rather than high sodium intake alone.
Choice C rationale:
Genetics can play a role in the development of both primary and secondary hypertension. While genetic factors can contribute to primary hypertension, it is more likely that secondary hypertension is the result of an underlying disease or condition. Therefore, genetics alone are not the primary cause of secondary hypertension.
Choice D rationale:
The correct choice. Secondary hypertension is characterized by elevated blood pressure that is a result of an underlying medical condition or disease, such as renal disease, endocrine disorders, or certain medications. Identifying and treating the underlying cause is essential in managing secondary hypertension, making this the most appropriate choice.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Stable angina is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs with exertion or stress and is relieved by rest. This type of angina is typically predictable and reproducible. The rationale for this choice is based on the classic presentation of stable angina, where pain is often triggered by physical activity or emotional stress and is relieved by rest. It is related to coronary artery disease (CAD) and is caused by temporary reduction in blood flow to the heart muscle due to narrowed or blocked coronary arteries. The pain is often described as a pressure or squeezing sensation in the chest and is usually predictable, occurring during specific activities or under certain circumstances.
Choice B rationale:
Chest pain that lasts more than a few hours is not typical for stable angina. Angina is characterized by transient episodes of chest pain or discomfort, typically lasting for a few minutes (usually 5-10 minutes). Prolonged chest pain may indicate a different cardiac or non-cardiac condition that requires further evaluation.
Choice C rationale:
Chest pain not relieved by nitroglycerin is not typical for stable angina. Nitroglycerin is a medication commonly used to relieve the symptoms of angina. If chest pain persists despite nitroglycerin administration, it may suggest unstable angina or another cardiac condition that requires immediate medical attention.
Choice D rationale:
Chest pain that occurs unpredictably is not typical for stable angina. Stable angina is characterized by chest pain that is predictable and reproducible, often occurring during specific activities or under certain conditions. Unpredictable chest pain is more indicative of unstable angina or acute coronary syndromes, which are associated with a higher risk of myocardial infarction.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Decreases in the supply or an increase in demand for sodium are not the primary components in the development of acute coronary syndromes. Acute coronary syndromes primarily involve the blood supply to the heart muscle, and sodium levels are not directly related to this condition.
Choice B rationale:
Glucose levels do not play a central role in the development of acute coronary syndromes. While glucose metabolism is important for the heart's energy needs, acute coronary syndromes are primarily related to changes in blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart.
Choice C rationale:
Myoglobin is not the most important component in the development of acute coronary syndromes. Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle tissue, including the heart, but its release into the bloodstream is not specific to acute coronary syndromes. It can be elevated in various conditions, including muscle injury.
Choice D rationale:
The most important component in the development of acute coronary syndromes is a decrease in the supply or an increase in demand for oxygen. Acute coronary syndromes, such as myocardial infarction (heart attack), are typically caused by a disruption in the blood supply to the heart muscle, leading to ischemia and, ultimately, tissue damage. This results in an increased demand for oxygen while the supply is compromised, which can lead to chest pain, tissue injury, and potentially life-threatening consequences. .
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