Incontinence caused by exertional stimulus is known as:

A. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a decrease in bicarbonate, but it is not typically associated with hypokalemia. In fact, acidosis may cause potassium to shift out of cells, increasing serum potassium levels.

B. Metabolic alkalosis is often associated with hypokalemia because the body compensates for alkalosis by shifting potassium into cells, leading to a lower serum potassium level. This is commonly seen with conditions like vomiting or the overuse of diuretics.

C. Hyperchloremia refers to elevated chloride levels, which may be associated with metabolic acidosis, but it is not directly linked to hypokalemia.

D. "None of the above" is incorrect because metabolic alkalosis is a known condition associated with hypokalemia.

A. When performing hand hygiene, the hands should be held lower than the elbows to allow water to flow downward, preventing the contamination of the forearms.

B. The water temperature should be warm, but not hot, to prevent skin irritation. Extremely hot water is not necessary for effective hand hygiene.

C. Hands and arms should be rubbed together to create friction during hand washing. However, drying should be done with a clean paper towel or air dryer, not by rubbing the hands and arms together.

D. The correct amount of liquid soap for hand hygiene is typically 4 to 5 mL. This is the appropriate amount to ensure effective coverage and cleaning of the hands.