Surgical renal calculi (stone) removal is indicated for:
Stone too small to pass
Mild, intermittent pain for 1 day
Obstruction of urine flow
Small stone without evidence of size increase
The Correct Answer is C
A. Stones that are too small to pass typically do not require surgical removal. Smaller stones are usually managed conservatively with hydration and pain management.
B. Mild, intermittent pain for 1 day does not usually indicate the need for surgery. Conservative management is often appropriate for such cases.
C. Obstruction of urine flow is a primary indication for surgical removal of renal stones. If a stone is blocking the urinary tract, it can cause severe pain, infection, or kidney damage, making surgical intervention necessary.
D. A small stone without evidence of size increase may not require surgery unless it is causing symptoms or complications. Most small stones pass naturally over time.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Alkalemia refers to a condition in which the blood pH is higher than the normal range (7.35–7.45), specifically above 7.45. A pH of 7.5 indicates alkalemia, which is an increase in blood pH.
B. Alkalosis refers to a condition in which the body is in a state of alkalinity, but it is a broader term that can describe either metabolic or respiratory alkalosis. Alkalemia specifically refers to the pH measurement itself.
C. Acidosis refers to a condition in which the blood pH is lower than normal (below 7.35), indicating an excess of hydrogen ions or a deficiency of bicarbonate.
D. Acidemia refers to a condition in which the blood pH is below the normal range, indicating acidosis. A pH of 7.5 does not fall into this category.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The presence of epithelial cells in urinary casts is indicative of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), a condition where the tubular cells in the kidneys are damaged, often due to ischemia or nephrotoxic substances. These damaged cells shed into the urine, forming casts.
B. Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli and typically leads to hematuria and proteinuria, but it is not specifically associated with epithelial cells in casts.
C. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) usually cause bacteriuria, pyuria, and sometimes hematuria, but not epithelial cell casts.
D. Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidneys that can cause white blood cell casts and bacteria in the urine, but it is not typically associated with epithelial cell casts.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.