Infection prevention strategies include:

Choice A reason:

Notifying the oncologist or healthcare provider immediately is crucial in the event of a reaction or side effect during chemotherapy. Prompt communication with the healthcare provider ensures that the patient receives appropriate and timely medical intervention. The oncologist can provide specific instructions on managing the reaction, including any necessary medications or adjustments to the chemotherapy regimen. Immediate notification helps in preventing the escalation of the reaction and ensures patient safety.

Choice B reason:

Slowing the chemotherapy infusion is not typically recommended as an immediate intervention for a severe reaction. While adjusting the infusion rate can be considered for mild reactions, it is not sufficient for managing more serious side effects or hypersensitivity reactions. In cases of significant reactions, stopping the infusion and taking other emergency measures are more appropriate. Slowing the infusion might delay the necessary interventions and could potentially worsen the patient’s condition.

Choice C reason:

Stopping the chemotherapy infusion is a critical step in managing a reaction. Halting the infusion immediately prevents further exposure to the causative agent, which can help in stabilizing the patient’s condition. This action is essential to prevent the reaction from worsening and allows time for the healthcare team to assess the situation and implement appropriate interventions. Stopping the infusion is a standard protocol in managing infusion-related reactions.

Choice D reason:

Assessing Ms. Anderson’s vital signs and symptoms is essential to determine the severity of the reaction and guide further interventions. Monitoring vital signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation provides crucial information about the patient’s physiological status. This assessment helps in identifying any life-threatening changes and ensures that appropriate measures are taken to stabilize the patient. Continuous monitoring is vital for detecting any deterioration in the patient’s condition.

Choice E reason:

Infusing normal saline at 100 ml/hr is an important intervention to maintain intravenous access and provide fluid support. Normal saline helps in stabilizing the patient’s blood pressure and improving circulation, which can be compromised during a severe reaction. It also ensures that the IV line remains patent for the administration of emergency medications if needed. Fluid support is a key component of managing infusion-related reactions and preventing complications.

Choice A reason:

Changing the patient’s position every 3 to 4 hours is crucial to prevent complications such as pressure ulcers and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Immobility can lead to the development of pressure ulcers, especially in patients who are bedridden or have limited mobility. Regular repositioning helps to alleviate pressure on vulnerable areas of the body, promoting better circulation and preventing skin breakdown. Additionally, changing positions can help in preventing DVT by encouraging blood flow and reducing the risk of blood clots forming in the legs.

Choice B reason:

Providing adequate and regular pain medication is essential for postoperative care to ensure patient comfort and facilitate recovery. Pain management is a critical aspect of postoperative care as unmanaged pain can lead to complications such as increased heart rate, hypertension, and delayed wound healing. Adequate pain control allows the patient to participate in necessary activities such as deep breathing exercises and ambulation, which are vital for preventing complications like pneumonia and promoting overall recovery. Pain medication should be administered as prescribed, and the patient’s pain levels should be regularly assessed and documented.

Choice C reason:

Encouraging deep breathing and coughing is vital for preventing respiratory complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia. After surgery, patients are at risk of developing these complications due to the effects of anesthesia and prolonged immobility. Deep breathing exercises help to expand the lungs fully, improving oxygenation and preventing the collapse of alveoli. Coughing helps to clear secretions from the airways, reducing the risk of infection. Nurses should instruct patients on how to perform these exercises effectively and encourage them to do so regularly.

Choice D reason:

Placing the conscious patient in a supine position with the head of the bed elevated is important for maintaining airway patency and promoting optimal respiratory function. Elevating the head of the bed helps to reduce the risk of aspiration and improves lung expansion, facilitating better breathing. This position is particularly beneficial for patients who may have residual effects of anesthesia or are at risk of respiratory complications. It also helps in reducing the workload on the heart and improving overall comfort.

Choice E reason:

Encouraging bed rest for the first 4 hours after surgery is generally not recommended as early mobilization is crucial for preventing complications such as DVT, pulmonary embolism, and muscle atrophy. While it is important to ensure that the patient is stable before encouraging movement, prolonged bed rest can lead to adverse outcomes. Instead, patients should be encouraged to engage in light activities as soon as they are able, under the supervision of healthcare professionals. This helps to promote circulation, improve respiratory function, and enhance overall recovery.