The Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A"}
Clubbing is a medical condition characterized by bulbous enlargement of the distal portion of a digit (usually a finger, but sometimes a toe) due to soft tissue proliferation and increased bone deposition. The affected digit takes on a rounded or "club-like" appearance, and the angle between the nail and nail bed (known as the Lovibond angle) increases to greater than 180 degrees.
Clubbing is commonly associated with a variety of medical conditions that interfere with oxygenation of the blood, including lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease, and bronchiectasis; heart diseases such as congenital heart defects and cyanotic heart disease; and gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and cirrhosis.
The exact mechanism underlying clubbing is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of vascular, inflammatory, and neurogenic factors. Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) is believed to play a central role in the development
of clubbing, leading to the release of growth factors and cytokines that promote soft tissue and bone proliferation.
Clubbing is typically diagnosed based on physical examination findings, including the Lovibond angle and the presence of nail bed fluctuation (when the nail bed feels spongy or compressible). It is important to identify and treat any underlying medical conditions that may be contributing to clubbing, as these can have significant implications for the patient's health and quality of life.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood or bloody secretions from the respiratory tract. It is a sign of a serious condition and should be reported immediately to a healthcare provider. In this case, the patient's cold and cough may have led to irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract, resulting in hemoptysis.
- Hematemesis: This is the vomiting of blood from the upper gastrointestinal tract, which usually appears bright red or dark brown in color.
- Cyanosis: This is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by the presence of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood.
- Rhinitis: This is the inflammation of the nasal mucosa, often causing a runny nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is B. Systolic pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic pressure less than 80 mmHg is considered normal blood pressure in adults according to current guidelines. A systolic pressure between 140-150 mmHg (option A) would be classified as stage 1 hypertension, while a systolic pressure greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure of 100 mmHg (option D) would be classified as stage 2 hypertension. A systolic pressure less than 100 mmHg regardless of diastolic pressure (option C) would be considered low blood pressure.
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