What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli
Deep venous thrombosis
Endocarditis
Valvular heart disease
Left heart failure
The Correct Answer is A
A pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a blood clot, typically originating from the deep veins of the legs or pelvis, travels through the bloodstream and lodges in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs.
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the most common source of pulmonary emboli. DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in the deep veins of the legs, pelvis, or arms, and can develop due to prolonged immobility, surgery, trauma, cancer, pregnancy, hormone therapy, or genetic factors.
Endocarditis, valvular heart disease, and left heart failure are not typical sources of pulmonary emboli. Endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves and lining, which can lead to valve damage and heart failure, but does not usually cause blood clots. Valvular heart disease, which includes conditions such as aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, can cause blood flow disturbances and increase the risk of thrombosis, but does not directly cause blood clots. Left heart failure, which occurs when the left ventricle of the heart is unable to pump effectively, can cause fluid buildup in the lungs, but does not typically cause blood clots to form.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Continuous increases in left ventricular filling pressures can lead to pulmonary edema, which is an accumulation of fluid in the lungs. Mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, and jugular vein distension are all conditions that can occur due to increased pressures in the left ventricle, but pulmonary edema is the most likely result of continuously increasing pressures.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty deposits (plaques) build up in the walls of arteries, leading to narrowing and reduced blood flow. Elevated levels of certain lipids, including low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, are well-established risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis.
In contrast, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been shown to have a protective effect against atherosclerosis. HDL is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it helps to transport excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues (including the walls of arteries) back to the liver for processing and excretion. HDL also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis.
In general, higher levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. However, the protective effect of HDL may vary depending on other factors such as smoking, obesity, and diabetes. It is important to maintain a healthy balance of lipids in the bloodstream, including a high level of HDL and low levels of LDL and triglycerides, in order to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.
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