Cystic fibrosis CF is caused by a
Autosomal recessive inheritance
Autosomal dominant inheritance
Infection
Malignancy
The Correct Answer is A
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means that a child must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to develop the disorder. If only one parent carries a copy of the mutated gene, their children will not develop cystic fibrosis but may be carriers of the gene.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Mitral stenosis refers to a narrowing of the mitral valve, which is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. This narrowing can cause incomplete emptying of blood from the left atrium into the left ventricle during diastole (relaxation phase) of the cardiac cycle. This can lead to increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and pulmonary con
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is characterized by thickening of the myocardium (heart muscle). LVH occurs in response to increased afterload (the resistance the heart has to pump against), which is a common feature of hypertension.
Angiotensin II, a hormone that is activated in response to hypertension, is a major mediator of LVH in this setting. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) and promotes the retention of salt and water, which increases blood volume and pressure. Additionally, angiotensin II stimulates the proliferation of cardiac myocytes (heart muscle cells) and the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to hypertrophy and fibrosis of the myocardium.
Other factors that may contribute to LVH in hypertension include increased sympathetic nervous system activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, angiotensin II is considered a key mediator of this process, and drugs that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), such as angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), are often used to treat hypertension and reduce the risk of LVH and other cardiovascular complications.
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