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Match the following conditions to the associated primary electrolyte imbalance:

A.

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

B.

Addison's Disease

C.

Hypoparathyroidism

D.

Diabetes Insipidus

E.

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"C"},"C":{"answers":"D"},"D":{"answers":"E"},"E":{"answers":"B"}}

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) → Hyponatremia

Excess ADH leads to water retention, diluting sodium levels.

Addison’s Disease → Hyperkalemia

Adrenal insufficiency leads to decreased aldosterone, causing potassium retention.

Hypoparathyroidism → Hypocalcemia

Lack of parathyroid hormone reduces calcium levels.

Diabetes Insipidus → Hypernatremia

Excessive water loss leads to sodium concentration increase.

Hyperparathyroidism → Hypercalcemia

Excess parathyroid hormone increases calcium release from bones.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

(A) Hypokalemia: Addison’s disease does not cause potassium loss.

(B) Hyperkalemia: Addison’s disease involves adrenal insufficiency, leading to low aldosterone levels. Aldosterone normally promotes potassium excretion; without it, potassium accumulates in the blood.

(C) Hyponatremia: Lack of aldosterone also prevents sodium retention, leading to excess sodium loss in urine and low sodium levels.

(D) Hypernatremia: Sodium levels are low due to excessive sodium excretion.

Correct Answer is ["D","E"]

Explanation

(A) Serum Glucose Levels: Mannitol does not significantly affect glucose metabolism.

(B) Heart Rate: It does not directly impact heart rate, though secondary effects like dehydration may influence it.

(C) Respiration Rate: Mannitol does not directly impact respiratory function.

(D) Urine Output: Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that increases urine output. Monitoring urine output helps assess the drug’s effectiveness and prevent dehydration or hypovolemia.

(E) Serum Potassium Levels: Mannitol causes diuresis, which can lead to electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia. Monitoring potassium levels helps prevent complications like arrhythmias.

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