Memory in the context of the immune system refers to:
The ability of immune cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens.
The ability of immune cells to differentiate between self and non-self antigens.
The process of phagocytosis by macrophages.
The ability of B cells to produce antibodies.
The Correct Answer is A
Explanation: Memory in the immune system refers to the ability of immune cells, particularly memory B cells and memory T cells, to recognize and respond more quickly and effectively to specific antigens upon subsequent exposure. This leads to a faster and stronger secondary immune response.
Incorrect choices:
b. The ability of immune cells to differentiate between self and non-self antigens refers to the concept of immune tolerance, which helps prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own cells and tissues.
c. The process of phagocytosis by macrophages is a mechanism by which immune cells engulf and destroy pathogens and cellular debris, but it is not directly related to memory in the immune system.
d. The ability of B cells to produce antibodies is an essential part of the primary immune response, but it is not specific to memory in the immune system.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells) are the effector cells of cell-mediated immunity. Their primary role is to directly recognize and kill infected or abnormal cells, such as virus-infected cells or cancer cells. Cytotoxic T cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzymes, which induce apoptosis (cell death) in the target cells.
Incorrect choices:
a. Helper T cells, not cytotoxic T cells, recognize antigens presented by macrophages and play a crucial role in activating other immune cells.
b. B cells are responsible for producing antibodies against pathogens during the humoral immune response, not cytotoxic T cells.
d. Regulatory T cells (suppressor T cells) are involved in regulating the immune response to prevent excessive inflammation and tissue damage, not cytotoxic T cells.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: Active immunity. Active immunity is acquired when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen, either through natural infection or vaccination. It results in the production of memory cells that provide long-term protection against future exposures to the same pathogen.
Incorrect choices:
a. Passive immunity is acquired when preformed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another. It provides immediate but temporary protection and does not involve the production of memory cells.
b. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against infections and provides immediate, non-specific protection, but it does not involve the production of antibodies specific to a particular pathogen.
d. Acquired immunity is a general term that includes both active and passive immunity, but it does not specifically describe the type of immunity acquired through vaccination or exposure to a specific pathogen.
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