Mr. Jones tells you that he really has a lot of pain when he walks, and it is very painful but as soon as he stops walking, the pain resides. Mr. Jones does have a history of peripheral artery disease. What is going on with Mr. Jones?
Deep vein thrombosis
Valvular regurgitation
Varicose veins
Intermittent claudication
The Correct Answer is D
A. Deep vein thrombosis: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) typically presents with swelling, pain, and tenderness in a specific area of the leg. It does not specifically cause pain that resolves with rest after walking, making it less likely in Mr. Jones's case.
B. Valvular regurgitation: Valvular regurgitation refers to the backward flow of blood due to improper closure of heart valves. This condition primarily affects cardiac function and is not associated with pain in the legs that resolves with rest, which does not correlate with Mr. Jones's symptoms.
C. Varicose veins: Varicose veins can cause discomfort, swelling, and aching in the legs but are not typically characterized by pain that is specifically triggered by walking and resolves with rest. The symptoms of varicose veins usually occur with prolonged standing or sitting rather than exertion.
D. Intermittent claudication: Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of peripheral artery disease (PAD), characterized by muscle pain or cramping in the legs during physical activity, such as walking, that resolves with rest. Mr. Jones's description of pain that occurs while walking and subsides upon stopping aligns with this condition, making it the most appropriate explanation for his symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Hypoventilation causes hypocapnia: Hypoventilation leads to inadequate removal of carbon dioxide (CO₂), resulting in hypercapnia rather than hypocapnia. This occurs because decreased ventilation reduces gas exchange efficiency, allowing CO₂ to accumulate in the blood, which can cause respiratory acidosis.
B. Hypoventilation causes alkalosis: Hypoventilation leads to respiratory acidosis rather than alkalosis. When ventilation is insufficient, CO₂ builds up in the bloodstream, leading to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration and a subsequent drop in blood pH. This is commonly seen in conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neuromuscular disorders, and opioid overdose.
C. Hyperventilation causes acidosis: Hyperventilation results in excessive elimination of CO₂, leading to a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration and an increase in blood pH, causing respiratory alkalosis rather than acidosis. Acidosis occurs when CO₂ retention leads to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration, which is the opposite of what happens with hyperventilation.
D. Hyperventilation causes hypocapnia: Hyperventilation leads to an excessive exhalation of CO₂, causing a reduction in blood CO₂ levels (hypocapnia). This can result in respiratory alkalosis, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, tingling sensations, and even syncope. It is often seen in conditions like anxiety, panic attacks, fever, or high-altitude exposure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Vernelli's triad; Venous stasis; Hypercoagulable states; Venous intimal damage: Vernelli's triad is not a recognized term in thrombus formation. Venous stasis, hypercoagulable states, and venous intimal damage are relevant factors, but the correct terminology is Virchow's triad.
B. Vernelli's triad: Hyperlipidemia; hypercoagulable states, venous stasis: This option inaccurately references Vernelli's triad and includes hyperlipidemia, which is not one of the classic factors associated with thrombus formation. The correct factors should be named according to Virchow's triad.
C. Virchow's triad; Hyperlipidemia, Hypercoagulable states, positive D-dimer: Although Virchow's triad is correctly identified, hyperlipidemia and positive D-dimer are not part of the classic factors involved in thrombus formation. The classic factors are venous stasis, hypercoagulable states, and venous intimal damage.
D. Virchow triad; Venous stasis; Venous intimal damage; Hypercoagulable states: This option accurately identifies Virchow's triad and lists the three key factors involved in thrombus formation: venous stasis, venous intimal damage, and hypercoagulable states.
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