A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process?

Norepinephrine causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion but it also causes high blood pressure

Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring

Immunoglobulin G causes smooth muscle contraction which will eventually weaken the respiratory muscles

The release of epinephrine leads to development of cardiac dysrhythmias.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Norepinephrine causes bronchial smooth muscle contraction and mucus secretion but it also causes high blood pressure: This statement is misleading in the context of asthma. Norepinephrine primarily acts on alpha and beta receptors, influencing blood pressure and bronchodilation but is not the main mediator in asthma pathophysiology. The focus should be on inflammation and airway responsiveness.

B. Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring: This statement accurately describes the pathophysiologic process in asthma. Persistent inflammation in asthma can cause increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness, leading to airway narrowing and potential long-term remodeling and scarring of the airways if not controlled. Effective management is essential to prevent these adverse outcomes.

C. Immunoglobulin G causes smooth muscle contraction which will eventually weaken the respiratory muscles: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is primarily involved in allergic reactions and asthma, and it does not directly cause smooth muscle contraction that weakens respiratory muscles.

D. The release of epinephrine leads to development of cardiac dysrhythmias: While epinephrine can have cardiovascular effects, including increased heart rate and potential for dysrhythmias, this is not directly relevant to the pathophysiology of asthma. The focus in asthma management is on controlling airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction rather than on cardiac issues.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Thoracotomy: Thoracotomy involves opening the chest cavity to access the heart and lungs; this surgical approach is not the first-line treatment for pericardial effusion and is more invasive than necessary, potentially leading to increased recovery time and complications.

B. Pericardiocentesis: Pericardiocentesis involves inserting a needle into the pericardial space to remove excess fluid; this procedure is a common and effective treatment for symptomatic large pericardial effusions, providing rapid relief of symptoms such as dyspnea and chest pain while also allowing for diagnostic evaluation of the fluid.

C. Heart catheterization: Heart catheterization involves a diagnostic procedure to assess heart function and blood flow through the coronary arteries; while it provides valuable information regarding cardiac conditions, it is not indicated for treating pericardial effusion and does not address the underlying fluid accumulation.

D. Pericardiectomy: Pericardiectomy involves removing part or all of the pericardium; this surgical procedure is typically reserved for chronic cases or constrictive pericarditis, as it is more invasive and not the immediate treatment option for an acute pericardial effusion, where less invasive options are preferred.

A. Percutaneous coronary intervention B. Sudden death C. Dysrhythmias D. Congestive hearts failure

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Percutaneous coronary intervention: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a treatment used to open blocked coronary arteries during a myocardial infarction but is not a complication of the event itself. It is a therapeutic procedure aimed at restoring blood flow and is not a direct consequence of myocardial infarction.

B. Sudden death: Sudden death can occur as a complication of myocardial infarction due to severe dysrhythmias or cardiac arrest resulting from electrical instability in the heart. This complication is critical and can occur shortly after the onset of an MI or during recovery.

C. Dysrhythmias: Dysrhythmias are common complications following myocardial infarction, often arising from ischemic damage to the heart muscle, which disrupts the normal electrical conduction pathways. These irregular heartbeats can range from benign to life-threatening.

D. Congestive heart failure: Congestive heart failure can develop as a complication of myocardial infarction due to the loss of functional cardiac muscle, resulting in decreased cardiac output and the heart's inability to pump effectively. This complication can develop acutely or progressively over time following an MI.

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A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with severe pericarditis has developed a large pericardial effusion. The patient is symptomatic. The physician orders what type of procedure to help treat this condition?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

What are the most common complications of myocardial infarction? (Select all that apply) (Select All that Apply.)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A patient arrives in the ED after an automobile accident. Which of the following clinical manifestations leads the nurse to suspect a pneumothorax? (Select all that apply) (Select All that Apply.)

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Which clinical manifestations would you assess for in a painter with pulmonary hypertension? (Select All that Apply.)