Ms. Major, a 60-year-old female, presents to the emergency department after falling off a 25-foot ladder while cleaning the gutters. She complains of right-sided hip pain and is unable to bear weight. She has contusions on her right side and some scrapes and scratches but denies hitting her head or sustaining other injuries. She is diagnosed with a hip fracture. Ms. Major is a small-framed woman, very active, follows a healthy diet, and is well engaged in her community with many friends. What factor(s) make her more at risk for a hip fracture?

Choice A reason: Achalasia increases aspiration risk due to esophageal dysmotility. Oropharyngeal suctioning equipment at the bedside ensures airway safety, making this a critical intervention to prioritize in the care plan.

Choice B reason: Small, frequent meals reduce esophageal pressure in achalasia, easing swallowing and minimizing regurgitation. This dietary adjustment is essential for symptom management, making it a correct intervention to prioritize.

Choice C reason: Thickened fluids only may not be necessary; achalasia patients can often manage various consistencies with proper positioning. Other interventions like suctioning and small meals are more critical, so this is incorrect.

Choice D reason: Antiemetics before meals reduce nausea and vomiting, common in achalasia due to food retention. This improves patient comfort and nutrition, making it a correct intervention to prioritize in care.

Choice E reason: Elevating the head of the bed prevents regurgitation and aspiration in achalasia, especially during sleep. This positioning is a key safety measure, making it a correct intervention to prioritize.

Choice A reason: Platelet plug formation (activation, adhesion, aggregation) is a key hemostasis stage, initiating clotting. Hypercoagulability is a pathological state, not a normal stage, so this is incorrect as the exception.

Choice B reason: Blood coagulation, forming a fibrin clot, is a core hemostasis stage, stabilizing the platelet plug. Hypercoagulability is not a standard stage, so this is incorrect for the exception.

Choice C reason: Hypercoagulability is a pathological condition increasing clotting risk, not a normal hemostasis stage. Vessel spasm, platelet plug, and coagulation are standard stages, making this the correct exception.

Choice D reason: Vessel spasm (vasoconstriction) is the initial hemostasis stage, reducing blood flow to the injury. Hypercoagulability is not a stage, so this is incorrect as the exception.