Ms. Major, a 60-year-old female, presents to the emergency department after falling off a 25-foot ladder while cleaning the gutters. She complains of right-sided hip pain and is unable to bear weight. She has contusions on her right side and some scrapes and scratches but denies hitting her head or sustaining other injuries. She is diagnosed with a hip fracture. Ms. Major is a small-framed woman, very active, follows a healthy diet, and is well engaged in her community with many friends. What factor(s) make her more at risk for a hip fracture?
Active lifestyle and community engagement
Her active lifestyle and social engagement reduce her risk
Healthy diet and social support
Small frame and age-related bone density loss
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Active lifestyle and community engagement are protective, not risk factors, for hip fractures. Small frame and age-related bone loss increase fracture risk, so this misidentifies beneficial factors as risks and is incorrect.
Choice B reason: Active lifestyle and social engagement may reduce risk, but the question asks for risk factors. Small frame and age-related bone loss are primary risks for Ms. Major’s fracture, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Healthy diet and social support are protective, not risk factors. Ms. Major’s small frame and age (60) increase bone density loss, elevating fracture risk, so this is incorrect.
Choice D reason: Small frame and age-related bone density loss (at 60) increase Ms. Major’s hip fracture risk, as lower bone mass and aging weaken bones. These are key risk factors, making this correct.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Nerve damage from the prosthetic may cause local discomfort, but pain in the entire absent arm suggests phantom limb pain. This is less likely than neural misfiring, so it’s incorrect.
Choice B reason: Heart attack referred pain typically affects the left arm but is unlikely in a prosthetic limb. Phantom limb pain explains pain in the absent arm, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Muscle strain affects existing muscles, not a prosthetic arm. Phantom limb pain, from neural signals in the brain, explains pain in the missing limb, so this is incorrect.
Choice D reason: Phantom limb pain occurs when the brain perceives pain in an amputated limb, common in prosthetic users. This matches Mr. Jones’s pain in his prosthetic arm, making it correct.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall by forming plaques that weaken arterial layers, promoting aneurysm formation. This degenerative process destabilizes the wall, making it the correct effect in aneurysm development.
Choice B reason: Ischemia of the intima is not a primary atherosclerosis effect; plaques cause wall damage, not just intimal ischemia. Vessel wall erosion is more accurate for aneurysm formation, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Atherosclerosis narrows vessels but doesn’t primarily obstruct them in aneurysm formation. Wall erosion and weakening lead to dilation, not blockage, so this is incorrect for aneurysm development.
Choice D reason: Atherosclerosis reduces nitric oxide, impairing vasodilation, but this isn’t directly linked to aneurysms. Vessel wall erosion by plaques is the key mechanism, so this is incorrect for the effect.
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