Which is a management goal for the care of a 3-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome?
Reduce blood pressure.
Increase excretion of urinary protein.
Increase ability of tissues to retain fluid.
Reduce excretion of urinary protein.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason:
Reducing blood pressure is not a primary management goal for nephrotic syndrome in children. While hypertension can be a complication of nephrotic syndrome, the main focus of treatment is on managing proteinuria, edema, and preventing complications. Blood pressure management may be necessary, but it is not the primary goal.
Choice B reason:
Increasing the excretion of urinary protein is not a desired goal in the management of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, one of the main objectives is to reduce proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) because it leads to hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood) and edema. Therefore, increasing urinary protein excretion would worsen the condition.
Choice C reason:
Increasing the ability of tissues to retain fluid is not a management goal for nephrotic syndrome. The condition is characterized by edema due to fluid retention, and the goal is to reduce this edema by managing proteinuria and using diuretics if necessary. Therefore, increasing fluid retention would be counterproductive.
Choice D reason:
Reducing the excretion of urinary protein is a primary management goal for nephrotic syndrome1. Proteinuria is a hallmark of the condition, and reducing it helps to alleviate hypoalbuminemia and edema. Treatment often includes corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and protein leakage, as well as other medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
The correct answer is d) Central nervous system.
Choice A reason:
The musculoskeletal system is not primarily affected by abnormal phenylalanine levels. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder that primarily impacts the brain and cognitive functions. While muscle weakness can occur due to overall health deterioration, it is not the primary system affected by phenylalanine toxicity.
Choice B reason:
The renal system is not the main target of phenylalanine toxicity. Although the kidneys play a role in filtering blood and excreting waste, the toxic effects of phenylalanine accumulation are more pronounced in the brain. Therefore, the renal system is not the primary system affected by abnormal phenylalanine levels.
Choice C reason:
The GI system, or gastrointestinal system, is not the primary system affected by abnormal phenylalanine levels. While dietary management is crucial for individuals with PKU to control phenylalanine intake, the toxic effects are primarily seen in the brain. The GI system is involved in the absorption and digestion of nutrients, but it is not the main system impacted by phenylalanine toxicity.
Choice D reason:
The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary system affected by abnormal phenylalanine levels. Phenylketonuria (PKU) leads to the accumulation of phenylalanine in the brain, causing severe brain damage and cognitive impairments. High levels of phenylalanine can disrupt neurotransmitter synthesis and brain development, leading to intellectual disabilities and other neurological issues. Therefore, the CNS is the main system impacted by phenylalanine toxicity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Foster self-care activities: Encouraging self-care activities is important for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy as it promotes independence and self-esteem. However, it is not the highest priority compared to ensuring the child’s safety and accessibility in their home environment.
Choice B Reason:
Improve the child’s communication skills: Enhancing communication skills is crucial for the child’s social and emotional development. Effective communication can significantly improve the child’s quality of life. However, while important, it is not the most immediate priority compared to modifying the home environment for safety.
Choice C Reason:
Modify the home environment for safety and accessibility: Ensuring the home environment is safe and accessible is the top priority. Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy may have mobility challenges, and a safe environment can prevent injuries and promote independence. This modification directly impacts the child’s daily life and overall well-being.
Choice D Reason:
Provide respite services for the parents: Offering respite services is beneficial for the parents’ mental and emotional health, allowing them to take breaks and recharge. While this is important, it is not the primary concern compared to the child’s immediate safety and accessibility needs.
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