A nurse is observing the electronic fetal heart rate monitor tracing for a client who is at 40 weeks of gestation and is in labor. The nurse should suspect a problem with the umbilical cord when she observes which of the following patterns?
Accelerations
Early decelerations
Late decelerations
Variable decelerations
The Correct Answer is D
The correct answer is D. Variable decelerations.
A. Accelerations in the fetal heart rate are generally considered reassuring. Accelerations are an indication of fetal well-being and are often seen in response to fetal movement.
B. Early decelerations are typically associated with head compression during contractions and are considered a normal response to the pressure on the fetal head.
C. Late decelerations are indicative of uteroplacental insufficiency.
Late decelerations occur after the peak of the contraction and are associated with inadequate oxygenation to the fetus. This pattern raises concerns about the baby's well-being.
D. Variable decelerations are associated with umbilical cord compression.
Variable decelerations are abrupt decreases in the fetal heart rate that vary in duration, depth, and timing. They often coincide with contractions and suggest compression or occlusion of the umbilical cord.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is B. An excessive amount of amniotic fluid is present.
A. Polyhydramnios is primarily characterized by an increased volume of amniotic fluid, and it is not directly linked to congenital anomalies, growth restriction, or fetal distress. However, it can be associated with certain conditions that affect fetal swallowing or the production of amniotic fluid.
B. Correct. Polyhydramnios refers to an abnormal increase in the amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This condition can result from various factors, such as fetal anomalies, maternal diabetes, or gastrointestinal malformations in the fetus that affect the swallowing of amniotic fluid.
C. An elevated level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the amniotic fluid is associated with neural
tube defects, not polyhydramnios.
D. Carrying more than one fetus (multifetal gestation) can be associated with an increased risk of polyhydramnios due to factors such as increased fetal urine production, but the presence of polyhydramnios does not necessarily indicate a multifetal pregnancy.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Cholecystitis is correct. Both estrogen and progesterone have been shown to increase the risk of gallstones.Estrogen has been shown to increase cholesterol production in the liver, with excess amounts precipitating in bile and leading to the formation of gallstones.Progesterone has been shown to decrease gall-bladder motility, which impedes bile flow and leads to gallstone formation.
Choice B Reason:
Hypertension is correct. Women with uncontrolled hypertension or severe hypertension are generally advised against using oral contraceptives due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events.
Choice C Reason:
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is incorrect. HPV is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives.Overall, while there may be some association between oral contraceptive use and HPV infection or its progression, the absolute increase in risk is generally considered small, and the benefits of oral contraceptives in preventing unintended pregnancies and managing menstrual issues often outweigh the potential risks.
Choice D Reason:
Migraine headaches is correct. Women with migraines with aura, especially those over 35 years old, are often advised against using estrogen-containing contraceptives due to an increased risk of stroke.
Choice E Reason:
Anxiety disorder is incorrect. Anxiety disorder alone is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives. However, individual health considerations should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
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