A school nurse is conducting a staff in-service for other school nurses on idiopathic scoliosis. During which period of child development does idiopathic scoliosis become most noticeable?
When toddler begins to walk
Preadolescent growth spurt
Late adolescence
Newborn period
The Correct Answer is B
The correct answer is b. Preadolescent growth spurt
Choice A reason:
Idiopathic scoliosis is not typically noticeable when a toddler begins to walk. At this stage, the spine is still developing, and any curvature is usually not significant enough to be detected. Idiopathic scoliosis most commonly becomes noticeable during periods of rapid growth, which occur later in childhood.
Choice B Reason:
The preadolescent growth spurt is the period when idiopathic scoliosis becomes most noticeable. This is because the rapid growth during this time can exacerbate the curvature of the spine. Idiopathic scoliosis often becomes apparent between the ages of 10 and 18 years, when children experience significant growth spurts.
Choice C Reason:
Late adolescence is not the period when idiopathic scoliosis becomes most noticeable. By this time, most children have completed their major growth spurts, and any scoliosis would likely have been detected earlier. The condition is typically identified during the preadolescent growth spurt.
Choice D Reason:
The newborn period is not associated with the development of idiopathic scoliosis. While congenital scoliosis can be present at birth, idiopathic scoliosis develops later in childhood, particularly during periods of rapid growth.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Cardiac arrhythmia is a primary clinical manifestation of hyperkalemia. Hyperkalemia, defined as an elevated level of potassium in the blood, can significantly affect the electrical activity of the heart. This can lead to various types of arrhythmias, including bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, and even cardiac arrest1. The presence of arrhythmias is a critical indicator of hyperkalemia and requires immediate medical attention to prevent life-threatening complications.
Choice B reason:
Seizures are not typically associated with hyperkalemia2. While severe electrolyte imbalances can potentially lead to neurological symptoms, seizures are more commonly linked to conditions such as hyponatremia (low sodium levels) or hypocalcemia (low calcium levels). Therefore, seizures are not a primary sign of hyperkalemia.
Choice C reason:
Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, can occur in various medical conditions, including heart failure and respiratory disorders. While hyperkalemia can lead to muscle weakness and fatigue, which might indirectly affect breathing, dyspnea is not a primary clinical manifestation of hyperkalemia. The main concern with hyperkalemia is its effect on cardiac function.
Choice D reason:
Oliguria, or reduced urine output, is a symptom of acute renal failure but not specifically indicative of hyperkalemia. While acute renal failure can lead to hyperkalemia due to the kidneys’ inability to excrete potassium, oliguria itself is not a direct sign of hyperkalemia. The focus should be on the cardiac effects of elevated potassium levels
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The correct answer is c. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Choice A reason:
Aspirin was once commonly used to treat juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but it is no longer the first-line treatment due to its potential side effects, such as gastrointestinal issues and Reye’s syndrome in children. While it can still be used in some cases, it is not the preferred initial treatment.
Choice B Reason:
Corticosteroids are effective in reducing inflammation and controlling symptoms of JIA, but they are not typically used as the first-line treatment due to their potential side effects, including weight gain, growth suppression, and increased risk of infections. They are usually reserved for more severe cases or when other treatments have failed.
Choice C Reason:
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually the first-line treatment for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. They help reduce inflammation, relieve pain, and improve joint function. NSAIDs are generally well-tolerated and have a long track record of safety and effectiveness in managing JIA.
Choice D Reason:
Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatoid Drugs (DMARDs), such as methotrexate, are used in the treatment of JIA, but they are not typically the first-line treatment. DMARDs are often prescribed when NSAIDs are not sufficient to control the symptoms or when the disease is more severe. They help slow the progression of the disease and prevent joint damage.
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