A client with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which assessment provides the nurse with the best information to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to the drug?

Stool color and character.

Serum electrolytes and ammonia.

Serum hepatic enzymes.

Fingerstick glucose.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: This is not the best assessment for the nurse to use to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to lactulose. Stool color and character may change as a result of lactulose administration, as it is a laxative that lowers the pH of the colon and promotes the excretion of ammonia. However, these changes are not indicative of the effectiveness of lactulose in reducing the ammonia levels in the blood, which is the main goal of the therapy.

Choice B reason: This is the best assessment for the nurse to use to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to lactulose. Serum electrolytes and ammonia are directly affected by lactulose administration, as it lowers the blood ammonia levels by converting it to ammonium and facilitating its elimination in the stool. The nurse should monitor the serum electrolytes and ammonia levels regularly to assess the efficacy and safety of lactulose therapy, as well as to adjust the dosage as needed.

Choice C reason: This is not the best assessment for the nurse to use to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to lactulose. Serum hepatic enzymes are markers of liver function and damage, and they may be elevated in clients with hepatic encephalopathy due to cirrhosis or other liver disorders. However, lactulose does not affect the hepatic enzymes directly, and it does not reverse the underlying liver disease. The nurse should monitor the serum hepatic enzymes to assess the progression and severity of the liver condition, but not to evaluate the response to lactulose.

Choice D reason: This is not the best assessment for the nurse to use to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to lactulose. Fingerstick glucose is a measure of blood glucose levels, and it may be altered in clients with hepatic encephalopathy due to impaired glucose metabolism by the liver. However, lactulose does not affect the blood glucose levels directly, and it does not improve the liver's ability to regulate glucose. The nurse should monitor the fingerstick glucose to assess the risk of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, but not to evaluate the response to lactulose.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is b. Liver function laboratory results.

Choice A reason:

Weight change in the last month can be an important factor to consider for a patient's overall health and may be relevant in the context of depression, as significant weight changes can be a symptom of this condition. However, it is not the most critical piece of information before prescribing duloxetine. Duloxetine is not primarily metabolized by the kidneys, and while weight can affect dosing and efficacy, it is not the most crucial factor to consider before starting treatment.

Choice B reason:

Liver function laboratory results are crucial to obtain before prescribing duloxetine because duloxetine is extensively metabolized by the liver. The prescribing information for duloxetine warns of the potential for hepatotoxicity, and hepatic failure has been reported in some cases. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the patient's liver function is normal before initiating therapy with duloxetine, as impaired liver function could lead to increased levels of the medication in the body and a higher risk of side effects.

Choice C reason:

Recent use of other antidepressants is important to consider avoiding drug interactions, particularly with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), which can lead to serious, life-threatening side effects if taken together with duloxetine. While this information is important, it is not as critical as liver function, because the primary concern with other antidepressants is the timing of medication changes rather than an absolute contraindication.

Choice D reason:

A family history of mental illness can provide valuable information for understanding a patient's background and potential genetic predispositions to certain conditions. However, this information does not directly impact the safety and initial prescribing of duloxetine. It may be more relevant for long-term treatment considerations and prognosis rather than immediate prescription safety.

A. Notify the healthcare provider of the carbamazepine level. B. Administer the carbamazepine as prescribed. C. Assess the client for side effects of carbamazepine. D. Withhold this dose of the carbamazepine.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Notifying the healthcare provider of the carbamazepine level is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take. Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant drug that requires close monitoring of its serum levels to ensure therapeutic and safe effects. The normal reference range for carbamazepine is 4 to 12 mcg/mL or 16.9 to 50.8 mmol/L. A level of 84 mcg/L (35.6 mmol/L) is significantly higher than the upper limit and indicates toxicity. The nurse should report this finding to the prescriber immediately and hold the dose until further instructions.

Choice B reason: Administering the carbamazepine as prescribed is not the most appropriate action for the nurse to take. Giving the evening dose of carbamazepine when the morning level is already toxic can worsen the client's condition and cause serious adverse effects, such as confusion, drowsiness, ataxia, nystagmus, or coma. The nurse should not administer the medication without consulting the prescriber.

Choice C reason: Assessing the client for side effects of carbamazepine is an important action for the nurse to take, but it is not the most appropriate one. The nurse should assess the client for signs and symptoms of carbamazepine toxicity, such as nausea, vomiting, headache, blurred vision, or seizures. However, this action alone is not sufficient to address the problem. The nurse should also notify the prescriber and withhold the dose.

Choice D reason: Withholding this dose of the carbamazepine is a necessary action for the nurse to take, but it is not the most appropriate one. The nurse should not give the evening dose of carbamazepine when the morning level is already toxic, as this can increase the risk of complications. However, this action alone is not enough to resolve the issue. The nurse should also notify the prescriber and follow the appropriate interventions.

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A client with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which assessment provides the nurse with the best information to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to the drug?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is planning care for a client with major depression who is receiving a new prescription for duloxetine. Which information is most important for the nurse to obtain?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Prior to administering the evening dose of carbamazepine, the nurse notes that the client's morning carbamazepine level was 84 mcg/L (35.6 mmol/L). Which action should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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