What environmental factor is most significant when planning care for a client with osteomalacia?

Quiet, calm surroundings

Stimulating sounds and activity

Cool, moist air

Adequate sunlight

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Quiet, calm surroundings are not a specific environmental factor for osteomalacia, which is a condition that causes softening and weakening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency. However, they may be beneficial for promoting rest and comfort for the client.

Choice B reason: Stimulating sounds and activity are not a specific environmental factor for osteomalacia, which is a condition that causes softening and weakening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency. However, they may be helpful for enhancing mood and cognition for the client.

Choice C reason: Cool, moist air is not a specific environmental factor for osteomalacia, which is a condition that causes softening and weakening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency. However, it may be preferable for preventing dehydration and overheating for the client.

Choice D reason: This is the correct answer because adequate sunlight is the most significant environmental factor for osteomalacia, which is a condition that causes softening and weakening of the bones due to vitamin D deficiency. Sunlight exposure helps the skin synthesize vitamin D, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Blood pressure, heart rate, and temperature are vital signs that should be monitored in any client, but they are not laboratory results. ESRD can cause hypertension and cardiovascular complications, so blood pressure and heart rate should be controlled with medications and lifestyle modifications. Temperature should be monitored for signs of infection or inflammation.

Choice B reason: Leukocytes, neutrophils, and thyroxine are not specific laboratory results for ESRD. Leukocytes and neutrophils are types of white blood cells that indicate immune system activity and infection. Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism and growth. ESRD can affect the immune system and the thyroid function, but these are not the primary indicators of renal function.

Choice C reason: This is the correct answer because serum potassium, calcium, and phosphorus are important laboratory results for ESRD. ESRD can cause electrolyte imbalances that can affect the heart, muscles, nerves, and bones. Serum potassium can increase due to reduced renal excretion and cause cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. Serum calcium can decrease due to impaired absorption and activation of vitamin D and cause muscle cramps, tetany, and osteoporosis. Serum phosphorus can increase due to reduced renal excretion and cause soft tissue calcification and bone pain.

Choice D reason: Erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit are laboratory results that measure red blood cell count, oxygen-carrying capacity, and blood volume. ESRD can cause anemia due to reduced production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell formation in the bone marrow. Anemia can cause fatigue, pallor, shortness of breath, and chest pain. However, these are not the most significant laboratory results for ESRD.

A. Provide disposable training pants while calming the mother. B. Refer the mother to a community parent education program. C. Suggest that the mother consult a pediatric nephrologist. D. Inform the mother that toilet training is slower for boys.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is correct because it addresses both the physical and emotional needs of the child and the mother. The nurse should provide comfort and reassurance to the mother and explain that occasional accidents are normal and not a sign of failure.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because it implies that the mother is incompetent and needs external help. The nurse should first establish rapport and trust with the mother before suggesting any resources or interventions.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because it suggests that there is something wrong with the child's kidneys, which may alarm and offend the mother. The nurse should not jump to conclusions without assessing the child's history and symptoms.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because it generalizes and stereotypes boys as being slower than girls in toilet training. The nurse should not make assumptions based on gender and should respect individual differences.

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What environmental factor is most significant when planning care for a client with osteomalacia?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which laboratory results should the nurse closely monitor in a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse on a pediatric unit observes a distraught mother in the hallway scolding her 3-year-old son for wetting his pants. What initial action should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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When assessing a multigravida on the first postpartum day, the nurse finds a moderate amount of lochia rubra, with the uterus firm and three fingerbreadths above the umbilicus. What action should the nurse implement first?