The nurse is preparing to administer hydration via an intravenous route to a client.
The nurse understands that the patient needs an isotonic solution.
Which of the following options is considered an isotonic solution?

Lactated Ringers (LR).

0.45% Sodium Chloride.

Dextrose in Lactated Ringers.

None of the above.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Lactated Ringers (LR) is an isotonic solution, which means it has the same osmolarity as blood plasma. This property makes LR suitable for rehydrating patients without causing a significant shift of fluids between compartments, maintaining the balance of electrolytes.

Choice B rationale

0.45% Sodium Chloride is a hypotonic solution, meaning it has a lower osmolarity compared to blood plasma. This type of solution would cause fluid to move into cells, potentially leading to cellular swelling.

Choice C rationale

Dextrose in Lactated Ringers is a hypertonic solution because the added dextrose increases the osmolarity. This solution can cause fluid to shift out of cells, leading to cellular shrinkage, which is not ideal for rehydration.

Choice D rationale

None of the above is incorrect because Lactated Ringers (LR) is indeed an isotonic solution.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker that is effective in treating hypertension and angina. It works by relaxing the blood vessels, which lowers blood pressure and improves blood flow to the heart, reducing chest pain and hypertension.

Choice B rationale

Digoxin is not typically used to treat hypertension. It is primarily used for heart failure and atrial fibrillation to increase the strength of heart muscle contractions and regulate heart rhythm.

Choice C rationale

Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent and treat blood clots. It does not directly treat hypertension or angina and is used for conditions like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and during surgeries to prevent clot formation.

Choice D rationale

Captopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure. While it is effective for lowering blood pressure, it is not primarily used for treating angina compared to medications like nifedipine or other calcium channel blockers.

A. More expensive than generic name medications. B. Less effective than generic name medications. C. The same in composition as generic name medications. D. More widely prescribed than generic name medications.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Brand name medications are typically more expensive because they include costs for research, development, marketing, and patents. They are sold under a trademarked brand name by a specific company, which allows them to charge higher prices.

Choice B rationale

This is incorrect as brand name medications are not less effective than generic medications. Both are required to have the same active ingredients and efficacy by regulatory agencies.

Choice C rationale

While the active ingredients must be the same, the formulation (inactive ingredients) of brand and generic medications can differ, which may affect the drug's characteristics, such as absorption rate.

Choice D rationale

Brand name drugs are usually less prescribed than generics because generics are cheaper and preferred for cost-saving measures. However, in some cases, a brand name might be more widely recognized and prescribed initially.

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The nurse is preparing to administer hydration via an intravenous route to a client. The nurse understands that the patient needs an isotonic solution. Which of the following options is considered an isotonic solution?

Nursing Test Bank

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The nurse is preparing to administer hydration via an intravenous route to a client.
The nurse understands that the patient needs an isotonic solution.
Which of the following options is considered an isotonic solution?