Which of the following is included in the management of hemarthrosis in a child with hemophilia A?

Choice A reason:

Reducing blood pressure is not a primary management goal for nephrotic syndrome in children. While hypertension can be a complication of nephrotic syndrome, the main focus of treatment is on managing proteinuria, edema, and preventing complications. Blood pressure management may be necessary, but it is not the primary goal.

Choice B reason:

Increasing the excretion of urinary protein is not a desired goal in the management of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, one of the main objectives is to reduce proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) because it leads to hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin in the blood) and edema. Therefore, increasing urinary protein excretion would worsen the condition.

Choice C reason:

Increasing the ability of tissues to retain fluid is not a management goal for nephrotic syndrome. The condition is characterized by edema due to fluid retention, and the goal is to reduce this edema by managing proteinuria and using diuretics if necessary. Therefore, increasing fluid retention would be counterproductive.

Choice D reason:

Reducing the excretion of urinary protein is a primary management goal for nephrotic syndrome1. Proteinuria is a hallmark of the condition, and reducing it helps to alleviate hypoalbuminemia and edema. Treatment often includes corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and protein leakage, as well as other medications to manage symptoms and prevent complications.

The correct answer is d. Frequent serial casting is tried first

Choice A reason:

Infants do not outgrow clubfoot on their own. Without treatment, the condition can lead to significant disability and difficulty walking. Early intervention is crucial to correct the deformity and ensure proper foot function.

Choice B Reason:

Surgical intervention is not the first line of treatment for mild cases of clubfoot. Surgery is typically reserved for severe cases or when nonsurgical methods, such as casting, have failed. The goal is to correct the foot’s position using less invasive methods whenever possible.

Choice C Reason:

Traction with foot manipulation is not a standard treatment for clubfoot. The primary nonsurgical treatment involves the Ponseti method, which includes gentle manipulation and serial casting to gradually correct the foot’s position.

Choice D Reason:

Frequent serial casting, known as the Ponseti method, is the first line of treatment for clubfoot. This method involves weekly manipulation and casting of the foot to gradually move it into the correct position. It is highly effective and is the preferred initial treatment for most cases of clubfoot.