Which clinical manifestation would be seen in a child with chronic renal failure?

Choice A reason:

Adequate oxygenation is important in managing vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis, but the replacement of factor V is not relevant to this condition. Factor V is involved in the blood clotting process, and its replacement is typically associated with bleeding disorders such as hemophilia. Therefore, this choice is not appropriate for managing a vaso-occlusive crisis.

Choice B reason:

Adequate hydration and pain management are critical components of care for a child in vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. Hydration helps to reduce the viscosity of the blood, which can prevent further sickling of red blood cells and improve blood flow. Pain management is essential because vaso-occlusive crises are extremely painful and require prompt and effective pain relief, often with opioid analgesics. These measures help to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.

Choice C reason:

Pain management is indeed a crucial aspect of care for vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis, but the administration of heparin is not typically part of the treatment. Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots, and it is not indicated for managing vaso-occlusive crises. The focus should be on hydration and pain relief rather than anticoagulation.

Choice D reason:

Correction of acidosis may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the primary focus of care for vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. The main goals are to manage pain and ensure adequate hydration to improve blood flow and reduce the risk of further sickling of red blood cells. While addressing acidosis can be part of the overall management, it is not the primary intervention.

Choice A reason:

Wearing cotton underpants is recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls. Cotton is a breathable fabric that allows air to circulate, reducing moisture and creating an environment less conducive to bacterial growth. This helps to keep the genital area dry and clean, which is important in preventing UTIs.

Choice B reason:

Limiting trips to the bathroom is not recommended for preventing UTIs. In fact, it is important for young girls to urinate frequently to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. Holding urine for extended periods can increase the risk of bacterial growth and infection. Therefore, encouraging regular bathroom trips is a better practice for preventing UTIs.

Choice C reason:

Decreasing salt intake is not directly related to preventing UTIs. While a healthy diet is important for overall health, there is no specific evidence linking salt intake to the prevention of urinary tract infections. The focus should be on practices that directly reduce the risk of bacterial growth and infection in the urinary tract.

Choice D reason:

Soaking in a bathtub, especially with bubble baths or perfumed soaps, can increase the risk of UTIs. These substances can irritate the urethra and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. It is better to avoid prolonged baths with such products and instead opt for quick showers to maintain hygiene without increasing the risk of infection.