Which clinical manifestation would be seen in a child with chronic renal failure?
Hypokalemia
Oliguria
Hypotension
Massive hematuria
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, is not typically associated with chronic renal failure. In fact, chronic renal failure often leads to hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. This occurs because the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effectively, leading to its accumulation in the body. Therefore, hypokalemia is not a clinical manifestation of chronic renal failure.
Choice B reason:
Oliguria, or reduced urine output, is a common clinical manifestation of chronic renal failure2. As the kidneys lose their ability to filter and excrete waste products, urine production decreases. This reduction in urine output is a key indicator of declining kidney function and is often observed in children with chronic renal failure. Monitoring urine output is crucial in assessing the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment.
Choice C reason:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not typically seen in chronic renal failure. Instead, hypertension, or high blood pressure, is more commonly associated with chronic renal failure. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, and when they are not functioning properly, it can lead to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, hypotension is not a clinical manifestation of chronic renal failure.
Choice D reason:
Massive hematuria, or the presence of a large amount of blood in the urine, is not a typical clinical manifestation of chronic renal failure. While hematuria can occur in some kidney conditions, it is not a defining feature of chronic renal failure. Chronic renal failure is more commonly associated with symptoms such as oliguria, fatigue, and swelling due to fluid retention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["2"]
Explanation
Calculation Steps
Step 1: Determine the total urine output in mL.
- Total urine output = 360 mL
Step 2: Determine the child’s weight in kg.
- Weight = 15 kg
Step 3: Determine the time period in hours.
- Time = 12 hours
Step 4: Calculate the urine output in mL/kg/hour.
- Urine output (mL/kg/hour) = Total urine output ÷ (Weight × Time)
Step 5: Perform the multiplication inside the parentheses first.
- Weight × Time = 15 kg × 12 hours = 180 kg·hours
Step 6: Perform the division.
- Urine output (mL/kg/hour) = 360 mL ÷ 180 kg·hours = 2 mL/kg/hour
Result
The child’s urine output is 2 mL/kg/hour.
Correct Answer is ["A","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Facial edema is a common clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome in children. This occurs due to the retention of fluid in the tissues, which is a result of the kidneys leaking protein into the urine (proteinuria). The loss of protein reduces the oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, leading to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces, particularly noticeable around the eyes and face.
Choice B Reason:
Cloudy smoky brown-colored urine is not typically associated with nephrotic syndrome. This symptom is more indicative of hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine. Hematuria is more commonly seen in conditions such as glomerulonephritis rather than nephrotic syndrome.
Choice C Reason:
Weight loss is not a characteristic symptom of nephrotic syndrome. In fact, children with nephrotic syndrome often experience weight gain due to fluid retention. The accumulation of fluid in the body can lead to an increase in weight, rather than a loss.
Choice D Reason:
Frothy appearing urine is a hallmark sign of nephrotic syndrome. The frothiness is due to the high levels of protein being excreted in the urine (proteinuria). When protein is present in the urine, it can cause the urine to appear foamy or frothy.
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