Which clinical manifestation would be seen in a child with chronic renal failure?
Hypokalemia
Oliguria
Hypotension
Massive hematuria
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, is not typically associated with chronic renal failure. In fact, chronic renal failure often leads to hyperkalemia, which is an elevated level of potassium in the blood. This occurs because the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium effectively, leading to its accumulation in the body. Therefore, hypokalemia is not a clinical manifestation of chronic renal failure.
Choice B reason:
Oliguria, or reduced urine output, is a common clinical manifestation of chronic renal failure2. As the kidneys lose their ability to filter and excrete waste products, urine production decreases. This reduction in urine output is a key indicator of declining kidney function and is often observed in children with chronic renal failure. Monitoring urine output is crucial in assessing the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of treatment.
Choice C reason:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is not typically seen in chronic renal failure. Instead, hypertension, or high blood pressure, is more commonly associated with chronic renal failure. The kidneys play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, and when they are not functioning properly, it can lead to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, hypotension is not a clinical manifestation of chronic renal failure.
Choice D reason:
Massive hematuria, or the presence of a large amount of blood in the urine, is not a typical clinical manifestation of chronic renal failure. While hematuria can occur in some kidney conditions, it is not a defining feature of chronic renal failure. Chronic renal failure is more commonly associated with symptoms such as oliguria, fatigue, and swelling due to fluid retention.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Offering peanut butter and water is not the best immediate action for treating hypoglycemia. Peanut butter is a protein-rich food that takes longer to digest and does not quickly raise blood sugar levels. Water does not contain any carbohydrates and will not help in raising blood sugar levels.
Choice B Reason:
Giving one tablespoon of ice cream is not the most effective way to treat hypoglycemia. While ice cream contains sugar, it also has fat, which slows down the absorption of sugar into the bloodstream. This delay can prevent the rapid correction of low blood sugar levels.
Choice C Reason:
Giving a hard candy lollipop to lick can provide some sugar, but it is not the most efficient method for quickly raising blood sugar levels. The amount of sugar in a lollipop may not be sufficient to correct hypoglycemia, and the slow consumption may delay the necessary rise in blood sugar.
Choice D Reason:
Providing 1/2 cup of juice followed by cheese with a cracker is the best action for treating hypoglycemia. Juice contains fast-acting carbohydrates that can quickly raise blood sugar levels. Following it with cheese and a cracker provides protein and fat, which help stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent them from dropping again.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Bacteriuria, or the presence of bacteria in the urine, is not typically associated with acute glomerulonephritis. Acute glomerulonephritis is primarily an inflammatory condition affecting the glomeruli of the kidneys, and it does not usually involve bacterial infection. Increased specific gravity can occur due to concentrated urine, but bacteriuria is not a characteristic finding.
Choice B reason:
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, and mild to moderate proteinuria are characteristic findings in acute glomerulonephritis. Hematuria occurs due to inflammation and damage to the glomeruli, allowing red blood cells to pass into the urine. Proteinuria results from the increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane, allowing proteins to leak into the urine. These findings are key indicators of glomerular inflammation and damage.
Choice C reason:
While proteinuria can be present in acute glomerulonephritis, bacteriuria is not a typical finding. The condition is primarily inflammatory rather than infectious, so the presence of bacteria in the urine is not expected. The focus should be on the inflammatory markers such as hematuria and proteinuria.
Choice D reason:
High levels of proteinuria and decreased specific gravity are not typical findings in acute glomerulonephritis. While proteinuria can occur, it is usually mild to moderate rather than high. Specific gravity may be increased due to concentrated urine, but decreased specific gravity is not a characteristic finding of this condition.
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