Normal chewing in humans involves _____ of the mandible.
Protraction and retraction
Opposition and reposition
Elevation and pronation
Elevation and depression
Supination and depression
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Protraction and retraction refer to the forward and backward movement of the mandible, which occurs during certain chewing motions but is not the primary movement involved in chewing.
Choice B reason: Opposition and reposition are movements of the thumb and fingers, not the mandible. They are unrelated to chewing.
Choice C reason: Pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm, not the mandible. Elevation is correct, but pronation does not apply to jaw movement.
Choice D reason: Elevation and depression are the correct movements involved in chewing. Elevation closes the jaw (biting), and depression opens it (jaw lowering).
Choice E reason: Supination is also a forearm movement and does not apply to the mandible. Depression is correct, but supination is irrelevant here.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The talus is a tarsal bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia and fibula. It is not embedded within a tendon and therefore not classified as a sesamoid bone.
Choice B reason: The radius is a long bone in the forearm and is not embedded in a tendon. It does not meet the criteria for a sesamoid bone.
Choice C reason: The femur is the longest bone in the body and is classified as a long bone. It is not a sesamoid bone.
Choice D reason: The hamate is one of the carpal bones in the wrist. It is not embedded in a tendon and is not considered a sesamoid bone.
Choice E reason: The patella is the most prominent example of a sesamoid bone. It is embedded within the quadriceps tendon and functions to protect the knee joint and enhance leverage during leg extension.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Synarthrotic joints are immovable, not slightly movable. Examples include sutures in the skull. They are designed for stability rather than movement.
Choice B reason: Synovial joints are the only type of joint that is always freely movable. They include hinge joints (e.g., elbow), ball-and-socket joints (e.g., shoulder), and others that allow a wide range of motion due to the presence of a synovial cavity and lubricating fluid.
Choice C reason: A gomphosis is a type of fibrous joint found between teeth and their sockets. It is immovable and not freely movable.
Choice D reason: Cartilaginous joints do not have a joint cavity. They are connected entirely by cartilage and allow limited movement, such as the intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis.
Choice E reason: Immovable joints are called synarthroses, not amphiarthroses. Amphiarthroses are slightly movable joints, such as those between vertebrae.
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