Order: Metoprolol 3.5 mg IV push

On hand: 1 mg/mL vials

How many milliliters will the nurse draw up to administer this dose?

To calculate the rate at which the nurse should set the IV pump to deliver dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride over 24 hours, we can use the following steps:

Given:

Total IV fluid volume: 3 L

Infusion duration: 24 hours

Step 1: Convert the total IV fluid volume from liters (L) to milliliters (mL)

Total volume = 3 L × 1000 mL/L

Total volume = 3000 mL

Step 2: Calculate the rate of infusion per hour

Rate = Total volume / Infusion duration

Rate = 3000 mL / 24 hr

Rate ≈ 125 mL/hr

Rounding to the nearest whole number:

Rate ≈ 125 mL/hr

Therefore, the nurse should set the IV pump to deliver approximately 125 mL/hr for the infusion of dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride over 24 hours.

Choice A reason: Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension because the risk of high blood pressure increases as we get older. This is due to changes in the heart and blood vessels, such as loss of elasticity and stiffening of the arteries, that affect the blood flow and pressure. ¹

Choice B reason: Genetics is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension because some people inherit genes that make them more likely to develop high blood pressure. For example, people of African and Black Caribbean descent have a higher risk of hypertension due to genetic variations that affect salt sensitivity and blood vessel function. ²

Choice C reason: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension because it can be changed or avoided by quitting tobacco use. Smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries that narrows them and raises blood pressure. Smoking also lowers the level of good cholesterol (HDL) and raises the level of bad cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides, which are fats in the blood that contribute to plaque formation. ³

Choice D reason: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension because it can be changed or prevented by losing weight or maintaining a healthy weight. Obesity increases the risk of high blood pressure by putting extra strain on the heart and blood vessels, as well as by causing hormonal and metabolic changes that affect blood pressure regulation. Obesity is also associated with other conditions that can raise blood pressure, such as diabetes, sleep apnea, and kidney disease. ⁴

Choice E reason: Sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension because it can be changed or improved by increasing physical activity. Sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of high blood pressure by reducing the ability of the blood vessels to dilate and contract, as well as by increasing the risk of obesity, diabetes, and high cholesterol. Physical activity helps to lower blood pressure by improving blood flow, strengthening the heart muscle, and lowering body weight and stress levels. .