Prior to an amniocentesis, what action by the client will need to be completed?

Choice A rationale:

Before an amniocentesis, it is essential for the client to empty their bladder. A full bladder can interfere with the procedure, as it may obstruct the needle's entry into the uterus and increase the risk of accidental bladder puncture.

Choice B rationale:

Nothing by mouth (NPO) for 4 hours is not necessary for an amniocentesis. It is a relatively simple and quick procedure that does not require fasting.

Choice C rationale:

Ingesting 3 liters of water is not indicated before an amniocentesis. While some ultrasound examinations may require a full bladder, this is not the case for an amniocentesis.

Choice D rationale:

Nipple stimulation is not relevant or necessary before an amniocentesis. Nipple stimulation can trigger uterine contractions, which might be undesirable before the procedure, especially if the client is not in labor.

Choice A rationale:

Increased pancreatic activity during pregnancy causing fat intolerance is not related to the cause of indigestion and heartburn. Pancreatic activity can change during pregnancy, but it does not directly impact indigestion and heartburn.

Choice B rationale:

Increased estrogen production causing more hydrochloric acid in the stomach is not the cause of indigestion and heartburn during pregnancy. While hormones can influence digestion, the mechanism for indigestion and heartburn lies elsewhere.

Choice C rationale:

Pressure from the growing uterus pushing up on the stomach and intestines is a contributing factor to indigestion and heartburn during pregnancy. However, it is not the primary cause. The main cause is related to the relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.

Choice D rationale:

Progesterone causes relaxation of the cardiac sphincter, which is a muscular valve that prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. When this sphincter relaxes, it can lead to acid reflux and subsequent indigestion and heartburn during pregnancy. The nurse should educate the client about this hormonal effect to help manage these symptoms effectively.