Which therapeutic management should the nurse prepare to initiate first for a child with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration?
Oral rehydration solution (ORS)
Antidiarrheal medications such as paregoric
Clear liquids
Adsorbents, such as kaolin and pectin
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason:
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the first-line treatment for children with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration. ORS contains a precise balance of electrolytes and glucose, which helps to rehydrate the child effectively by promoting the absorption of water and electrolytes in the intestines. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend ORS as the preferred treatment for dehydration caused by diarrhea. It is effective, easy to administer, and can be given at home or in a healthcare setting.
Choice B reason:
Antidiarrheal medications such as paregoric are not recommended for children with acute diarrhea. These medications can slow down the movement of the intestines, which may prolong the infection and increase the risk of complications. Additionally, they do not address the underlying cause of dehydration. The primary goal in managing acute diarrhea is to rehydrate the child, which is best achieved with ORS.
Choice C reason:
Clear liquids, such as water, broth, or diluted fruit juices, can be used to provide some hydration, but they do not contain the necessary electrolytes to effectively treat moderate dehydration. Clear liquids alone are not sufficient to replace the lost electrolytes and fluids caused by diarrhea. ORS is specifically formulated to address these needs and is more effective in rehydrating the child.
Choice D reason:
Adsorbents, such as kaolin and pectin, are not recommended for the treatment of acute diarrhea in children. These substances can bind to the contents of the intestines and may reduce the frequency of stools, but they do not address the underlying dehydration. The primary focus should be on rehydration with ORS, which provides the necessary electrolytes and fluids to restore the child’s hydration status.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
The correct answer is b. 25%.
Choice A: 50%
If both parents are heterozygous for the sickle cell trait (carriers), each child has a 50% chance of inheriting one sickle cell gene from one parent and a normal gene from the other parent. This would make the child a carrier of the sickle cell trait, not someone with sickle cell anemia. Therefore, the chance of having sickle cell anemia is not 50%.
Choice B: 25%
When both parents are carriers of the sickle cell trait (heterozygous), there is a 25% chance that their child will inherit two sickle cell genes (one from each parent), resulting in sickle cell anemia. This is because each parent has one normal hemoglobin gene (A) and one sickle cell gene (S). The possible combinations for their children are AA (normal), AS (carrier), SA (carrier), and SS (sickle cell anemia). The probability of the SS combination is 25%.
Choice C: 75%
A 75% chance is not accurate in this scenario. The 75% figure might be mistakenly considered if one were to add the probabilities of being a carrier (50%) and having sickle cell anemia (25%). However, these probabilities are distinct and should not be combined in this manner.
Choice D: 100%
A 100% chance would imply that every child of the couple would have sickle cell anemia, which is not the case. Since each parent is a carrier, there is only a 25% chance for each child to have sickle cell anemia. The remaining 75% of the time, the child will either be a carrier or have normal hemoglobin.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Opioid analgesics are not given as a last resort solely because of the threat of addiction. While the risk of addiction is a concern, opioids are often necessary for managing severe pain, especially in conditions like sickle cell anemia. The American Society of Hematology guidelines emphasize the importance of effective pain management in sickle cell disease, which often includes the use of opioids. The goal is to manage pain effectively while monitoring for signs of misuse or addiction.
Choice B reason:
Opioid analgesics are often ordered and are usually needed for managing severe pain in patients with sickle cell anemia. Pain episodes in sickle cell disease can be extremely severe and debilitating, requiring potent analgesics like morphine for relief. The management of acute vaso-occlusive pain in sickle cell disease often necessitates the use of opioids to provide adequate pain control.
Choice C reason:
Opioid analgesics, when medically indicated and used under proper medical supervision, rarely cause addiction. The risk of addiction is significantly lower when opioids are used appropriately for pain management in a controlled medical setting. The Mayo Clinic highlights that while opioids have addictive properties, their medical use for pain relief, especially in acute settings, is generally safe when monitored by healthcare professionals.
Choice D reason:
Opioid analgesics are not used only if other measures, such as ice packs, are ineffective. While non-pharmacological measures can be part of pain management, opioids are often necessary for managing severe pain episodes in sickle cell disease. The use of opioids is based on the severity of the pain and the clinical judgment of the healthcare provider.
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