(Select all that apply): A nurse is providing information about the clinical stages of measles infection. Which of the following are characteristic of the prodrome stage?
High fever (>38.5°C)
Malaise and anorexia.
Koplik spots on the buccal mucosa.
Maculopapular rash.
Hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A rationale:
The prodrome stage of measles infection is characterized by symptoms that precede the rash. One of the characteristic features of this stage is a high fever, typically greater than 38.5°C. This fever is a result of the immune response to the viral infection.
Choice B rationale:
Another characteristic of the prodrome stage is malaise and anorexia. Malaise refers to a general feeling of discomfort or unease, while anorexia is a loss of appetite. These symptoms are common during the early stages of many viral infections, including measles.
Choice C rationale:
Koplik spots are small white or bluish-white spots with a red base that appear on the buccal mucosa (inner lining of the cheeks) during the prodrome stage of measles. They are considered pathognomonic for measles, meaning they are highly characteristic of the disease and help differentiate it from other viral rashes.
Choice D rationale:
Maculopapular rash is not characteristic of the prodrome stage but appears during the next stage of measles called the exanthematous stage. This rash consists of flat, red spots (macules) that later develop into raised bumps (papules) It typically starts on the face and spreads downward to the trunk and extremities.
Choice E rationale:
Hyperpigmentation of the skin is not a characteristic of the prodrome or any stage of measles. Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of the skin, which is not associated with measles infection.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Maculopapular rash is a characteristic symptom of the rash stage, not the prodrome stage of measles.
Choice B rationale:
Conjunctivitis can be seen during the prodrome stage of measles, where the eyes become red, watery, and sensitive to light.
Choice C rationale:
Koplik spots are small, white spots with a bluish-white center and a red halo that appear on the buccal mucosa, and they are classic signs seen during the prodrome stage of measles.
Choice D rationale:
Cough and coryza, which include symptoms like a runny nose and cough, are commonly observed during the prodrome stage of measles.
Choice E rationale:
Hyperpigmentation of the skin is not a symptom typically associated with the prodrome stage of measles.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Incubation is a characteristic clinical stage of measles infection. During the incubation period, which typically lasts 10 to 14 days, the person is infected with the measles virus, but there are no visible symptoms yet. The virus is actively replicating in the body, and the person is contagious during this stage.
Choice B rationale:
Convalescence is the stage during which the person begins to recover from the infection and the symptoms gradually improve. It is not a characteristic stage of measles infection.
Choice C rationale:
Resolution refers to the stage when the infection is completely cleared, and the symptoms have resolved. It is not specific to measles infection.
Choice D rationale:
Elimination is not a characteristic clinical stage of measles infection. It does not describe any specific phase of the disease progression.
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