Sucralfate reduces acid production in the stomach. A nursing student is caring for a patient who is taking sucralfate (Carafate) to treat peptic ulcer disease. The student asks the nurse about the pharmacokinetics of sucralfate. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching?
Sucralfate adheres to the ulcer and protects the mucus membrane of the stomach.
Sucralfate does not cause systemic side effects.
Sucralfate should be administered 1 hour before meals.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason:
Sucralfate does not primarily work by reducing acid production but rather by forming a protective barrier over ulcers. The statement "Sucralfate reduces acid production in the stomach" is incorrect. Sucralfate's main action is to adhere to the ulcer site and protect it, thus helping in the healing process. The student’s misunderstanding is that sucralfate reduces acid production, which is not the primary mechanism of action for this medication.
Choice B reason:
Sucralfate is known for having minimal systemic side effects because it works locally in the stomach rather than being absorbed into the bloodstream. The statement that sucralfate does not cause systemic side effects is correct, as sucralfate's action is mainly localized to the gastrointestinal tract, making systemic side effects uncommon.
Choice C reason:
Sucralfate should indeed be administered one hour before meals. This timing allows it to form a protective barrier on the stomach lining before food can stimulate acid production, which is crucial for its effectiveness in treating peptic ulcers. Therefore, the statement about its administration time is correct and does not indicate a need for further teaching.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Decreased afterload due to vasodilation is not the primary cause of hypotension in acute myocardial infarction. While vasodilation can lower blood pressure, in the context of MI, the more direct and significant cause of hypotension is the reduced cardiac contractility leading to decreased cardiac output. Vasodilation and afterload reduction are not the primary mechanisms in this scenario.
Choice B reason:
A rapid heart rate, or tachycardia, can contribute to hypotension by reducing the time for the heart to fill with blood between beats. However, in the context of an acute myocardial infarction, the primary issue is the heart's ability to contract effectively. Therefore, while a rapid heart rate might exacerbate the condition, it is not the main cause of hypotension.
Choice C reason:
Decreased cardiac contractility, resulting in decreased cardiac output, is the primary cause of hypotension in acute myocardial infarction. The damaged heart muscle cannot pump effectively, leading to reduced blood flow and low blood pressure. This is a direct consequence of the myocardial damage caused by the infarction, making this the correct answer.
Choice D reason:
Increased capillary permeability is not a primary cause of hypotension in acute myocardial infarction. This condition is more associated with inflammatory responses, sepsis, or allergic reactions. The main cause of hypotension in MI is related to the heart's reduced pumping ability.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Vitamin K (phytonadione) is the antidote for warfarin overdose. It works by promoting the synthesis of clotting factors that are inhibited by warfarin, thereby reversing the anticoagulant effects. In cases of excessive warfarin intake, administering vitamin K helps restore normal clotting function.
Choice B reason:
Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin overdose, not warfarin. It works by neutralizing the anticoagulant effects of heparin, but it has no effect on warfarin-induced anticoagulation. Therefore, it is not appropriate for this situation.
Choice C reason:
A PTT lab test measures the effectiveness of the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and is primarily used to monitor heparin therapy. It is not relevant for managing warfarin overdose, as warfarin affects the extrinsic pathway, which is measured by the PT/INR test.
Choice D reason:
While an INR lab test is essential for monitoring the therapeutic levels of warfarin, the immediate need in this situation is to reverse the effects of the overdose. Administering vitamin K is the necessary intervention to counteract the excessive anticoagulation caused by warfarin.
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